Man is Condemned to Be Free Essays

Socialist Market Economic System of China

Presentation Socialism with Chinese highlights contrasts from the communism that rose based on created Capitalism that was accepted by Marx and Engels. The two concentrated on communism that advanced from the Soviet Model and from the ‘triumphal stage† communism in past China.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Socialist Market Economic System of China explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The propensity for communism with Chinese Characteristic is engaged in its propensity in authentic start, unconventional improvement framework, and impossible to miss double relationship. Highlights or the trait of communism was a perspective that was grasped by Deng Xiaoping. It is under the umbrella of setting up communism with Chinese Characteristic that communism upgrades unimaginable dynamism and imperativeness in China. In this regard, this paper will along these lines briefly talk about the monetary arrangement of communist market economy in Chin a, its highlights, and the degree of its free enterprise. Communism with Chinese Characteristic According to the previous history, communism with Chinese Characteristic was a perspective that created in a semi-provincial and semi-medieval society. Maxist Classical creators declare that, the start of improvement of communist society is the advancement of Capitalism. Having known this, China is still in progress on the communist street on the foundation of a semi-pioneer and semi-medieval society. In this regard, the point of view that China attempts is dominatingly unique in relation to what Maxism puts stock in. It is the enormous contrast among Maxism and China as a nation that outcomes to Socialism getting run of the mill highlights of the immature nations (Dillon 63). At the start, the premise on which Chinese Socialism was sprout is particular from the framework which gestates communism as passed on by its originators. The herald of Chinese Socialism is a restrained semi-frontie r and semi-medieval society as a substitute of created industrialist society (Beck and Levine 428). Besides, communism detailed based on a retrogressive economy culture in the Chinese Society needs to basically experience a progress period from the inept to the skilled. A skilled communism for this situation might be thought to maintain a superior and predominant situation than free enterprise itself; fundamentally, it is a communism that is expected by Marx.Advertising Looking for article on asian? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the advancement phase of the general public, and in understanding a total progress, it needs to experience a procedure from the bumbling to capable change. This is an encounter that takes a genuinely long progress period, or at the end of the day this is the essential stage (Chen 466). The third component is that Socialism that rises up out of a regressive economy and culture will experience a ton of troubles and issues. In its advancement stage at the creation point, Socialism has held up evolved free enterprise nations deficiently. Because of this reality and furthermore under the communist foundation, China has a commitment to satisfy the obligations of industrialization, commercialization, socialization, and modernization, which different nations have had the option to satisfy through private enterprise and improved the all around created creation power that communism ought to have (Johnson et al. 141). Along these lines, we can discover that communism that advances based on in reverse economy and culture is exceptionally strange. It differs from communism that is alluded to by Marx and Engels at a save of a time of sound created private enterprise. The two people rise up out of various foundations, and they speak to contrasts of value or formative level. They likewise present contrasts of value between them. As a result of this, Chinese Socialism and communism that i s spoken to by the two are certainly not of a similar level. In a monetary example point of view, communism with Chinese Characteristic is a sort of communism that joins open proprietorship and unmistakable economy. In a communist improvement history, the belief system created by setting up open possession against the item economy has been in presence for a significant stretch of time. Be that as it may, the idea has settled that sheer arranged economy will keep down the advancement of the creation power. Since building up open proprietorship against the item economy may keep down the advancement of the creation ability, subsequent to setting up the communist open possession, it becomes unsure the sort of monetary framework that should be developed to speed the advancement of the creation capacity (Wu and Zhao 311).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Socialist Market Economic System of China explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More To productively mana ge the authentic inquiry on communism when during the time spent rehearsing of the change of China, the Chinese society underlined on progress of the street and recognized market framework. Evidently, the most significant highlights of communist market economy in China lay on its tendency on the predominance of open possession and pre-distinction of the market economy. The training, since its improvement has guaranteed that blending open proprietorship and market economy and accepting the communist as a fundamental option for release and advancement of profitability inside China (Alesina 30).. In addition, it additionally turns into an unavoidable decision that is intended to bring to understanding a steady social balance to the Chinese society. In any case, the converging of the two viewpoints (open proprietorship and market economy) doesn't just imply that there are no differences, not logical inconsistencies that coincide between the two. The vast majority of the issues that are seen in the contemporary China are as the aftereffect of the contentions between them. There is in this way a need to manage the contentions in a right and legitimate way. Since these angles can't be disposed of from either the social economy or the market economy, the central rule that should be done in settling the issues is to manage those contentions. The guideline that should be done ought to be started utilizing two angles: one of the perspectives is that, China should harbor all the available resources to change open proprietorship and empower it to be in arrangement with the standard prerequisites of the market economy (Wu and Zhao 315). The other angle is that China ought to have the option to control the market economy and cause it to adjust to the core of open proprietorship. As it were, the two viewpoints ought to be good to one another, supposing that there are logical inconsistencies between the two, settling the question ought to be to improve harmony between the two. Despite what might be expected, the two viewpoints ought to be left to viably adjust, acclimate, and participate on a shared premise (Walder 965). More or less, the solid bond among communism and free enterprise is a critical angle in the outside relationship that communist countries or social orders face being developed and construction.Advertising Searching for paper on asian? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The main issue that is difficult to keep away from in the social development is the taking care of and managing the free enterprise relationship. Taking into account that China has just cleared a road for both communism and free enterprise, this has consequently gotten one of the unmistakable highlights of Socialism with Chinese trademark (Alesina 35). The Extent to which China works Capitalist System China is considered to work on a communist market economy framework. In such manner, relatively few investigators or studies have expressly centered around the private enterprise part of China. The accomplished dynamic and huge financial changes trademark in China have little been connected to any industrialist progress in this nation. Clarifying the amount China is ending up being an entrepreneur economy depends on how much the term free enterprise is comprehended in this specific nation. Industrialist economies are viewed as misnomer for the Chinese economy and political portfolio. Th is is on the grounds that industrialist economies put a lot of exertion on the motivations behind capital, far beyond the philosophy of foundations (Gamer 117). Creation Capitalist monetary framework is viewed as a social framework that by more noteworthy degree permits the minority to be the proprietors of the methods for creation. The drawback of this procedure is that most of the populace might be left to endure exploitative conditions. Principal parts of the industrialist framework is that market powers in the framework are transcendence and the private claimed undertakings are significant in tending to financial issues in the economy. Private proprietors of the undertakings own the methods for creation in China also (Gamer 129). In such manner, China is gradually going to be an entrepreneur economy coming about because of creation forms. Originations of Change Transformation of China towards being an industrialist society has been halfway and is thusly deficient with regards to profundity as far as investigation. Be that as it may, dynamic changes in the Chinese economy have been activated by the part of private enterprise. The current financial framework in China is seen as a venturing stone towards accomplishment of private enterprise. Private enterprise ought to be absolutely explanatory in China to consider the framework completely operational in the nation (Dillon 242). Both the positive and negative traits of the free enterprise framework should be placed into thought in the investigation of the framework. This framework however isn't completely coordinated into the activity capacity of China’s economy, yet it is gradually picking up force. Asian Capitalism Asian nations have reliably embraced private enterprise into their economies and China is falling into a similar way. This follows the way that China’s neighbors are too its

The Apple Product Design

The Apple Product Design When it comes to design of smartphones, tablets and other similar products, one of the first names that will immediately come to mind is Apple. Indeed, it would appear that the brand name has become synonymous to premium product design and quality, and for good reason, too. After all, no one can dispute how Steve Jobs made sure that Apple, with its ambitious and innovative industrial-design team, became a trailblazer when it comes to consumer electronics’ design. If you were to ask what sets Apple products above its competitors, the answer would be “design”.Case in point: Apple products have now become icons and even symbols of popular culture. They even went on to win design awards and recognition and, as if that’s not enough, Apple products’ designs have “inspired” other manufacturing companies to come up with their own consumer electronics products hoping, but not all of them succeeding, to duplicate the offerings of the Apple products being copied.The design philoso phy of Apple can be traced to one person: Steve Jobs, the founder of Apple and the brilliant mind responsible for the products that, to this day, remain icons and have opened doors for other technologies. © Shutterstock.com | NeirfyIn this article, we share 1) Steve Jobs insights on design and 2) the Apple product design principles.STEVE JOBS ON DESIGNSteve Jobs was a perfectionist. He did not want a good design; he wanted a great one. And he got it.Just like other inventors and pioneers, Steve Jobs may have encountered more than his fair share of stumbling blocks when he first started Apple and was thinking about products that would get the interest of the buying public and actually convince them to spend their money. But, once he found his groove, Jobs proved to be unstoppable.Throughout his journey, Jobs has learned several lessons on design that proved to be valuable when he and his team were working on the latest product to offer to the public.Craft in a way that makes a lasting impressionAesthetic mattered a lot to Jobs. So what if that Apple logo unobtrusively etched finely on the bottom of the computer is not something that can be seen often? The great attention to detail tha t Apple puts into its products â€" yes, even the tiniest detail â€" is proof of how much time the design team devotes in every single aspect of the product design.Crafting of Apple products is done inside and out, with no stones left unturned, so to speak. From the circuit boards to the elegant finish, nothing is left to chance. In the Steve Jobs bio written by Walter Isaacson, Jobs touched on this ideal, relating a lesson he learned from his father about a carpenter who is making an elegant chest of drawers. The carpenter knows better than to use plain and cheap plywood on the back of the chest, for the simple reason that no one is going to see it anyway. The carpenter will still know that the plywood is there.In the context of Apple products, Jobs and his team will know that they did not pay much attention to the details and did not craft the product properly, even if the users do not. Fortunately, this is not an outlook that Apple cultivates, as it devotes its design efforts to e nsure that quality is integrated on all sides. So what if the design team has to spend hundreds, thousands, of hours on a single design aspect? These things should not â€" and must not â€" be done halfheartedly.Connect with the customerThis abstract talks about the role of customer behavior in relation with product design. Empathy, or establishing an intimate connection with the customers and, in the process, gaining deeper understanding of what they feel, what they want, and what they need, is vital in the design process. Apple takes this seriously, with the conviction that it understands its users’ needs better than any other manufacturer or similar company out there.Companies such as Panasonic and Sony are known to make products without putting the customers at the center. It is either the customers will buy them or not. Apple, on the other hand, made sure that it understood what the customers wanted. Not the actual product per se, but the features or conveniences that they are looking for. They integrated those feelings, desires or needs into the product design and, once they released the finished product, the customers will finally realize that they need that specific Apple product.Focus on what you are doingWhile designing, it is easy to get distracted by other opportunities that may or may be unrelated to the product being worked on. Jobs ensures that, once they have decided to work on something, they will devote 100% of their attention to that product or project. Everything else will fall by the wayside, either ignored or simply left to be picked up at a later date, most likely when the product being worked on has been finished.Jobs was known as a taskmaster, bringing focus and discipline to his product teams. In his mind, he already knew what product will result â€" what it looks like and what it can do â€" and he refused to be swayed by any deviation, in any way or form. This meant there was a clear road, a clear path, to follow.Impute the desired qualitiesThis pertains to the presentation of the design. Have you ever wondered why there are so few extraordinary designs compared to those that are so-so or do not make sense at all? The logical conclusion that most people would arrive at is that there aren’t simply enough good designs. That may not be entirely true, since it is also highly probable that there are actually a lot of excellent designs out there; they just are not given the attention that they are due.And why is that? Most likely, it is due to poor presentation by the designers and makers of the product. Do not forget that consumers are heavily influenced by first impressions. For many, one look at a new product is enough to make them decide whether it is worth their time â€" and money â€" or not. Thus, it is important to present the product creatively, yet still in a professional and credible manner. By doing so, you will be able to drive home the good points of the product and reiterate among your customers why they need the product: because the product has the qualities that they need or are looking for.User-friendlinessTechnology has a tendency to strike terror and fear in the hearts of users. It looks so advanced, so it must be difficult to learn, much less navigate, right? Jobs and his team squashed that notion by ensuring that their product design leans heavily on making high-tech devices easy to use.This “friendly” feature is not just on the function of the product, but also on how it looks. Yes, Jobs was particular on a product that looks friendly and wholesome, instead of intimidating.Design simplicityMore than anything, Jobs wanted Apple products to be simple and easy to use, and not just look like they are simple and easy to use. This is seen in how the Apple user interfaces are made to be intuitive. Users, too, need not undergo education and re-education, as the case may be, on several of the technologies, in order to operate or use the products. After all, the products are designed in a manner that is already understood by users.THE APPLE PRODUCT DESIGNIt is so easy to say that a company puts heavy emphasis on product quality. Product quality was never really in question when it came to Apple, but what of its design? What is it about the Apple design that makes it a cut above the rest? Let’s take a look at some of its defining traits.Simplicity and minimalisticWhen it comes to UI, Apple products have some of the friendliest and simplest out there. This is in acknowledgement of the fact that complex designs tend to overwhelm users, especially those who are relatively new to technology. By making the product look simple â€" and actually be simple â€" users are able to easily get over these fears and apprehensions.The intuitive nature of the Apple UI is one of the main reasons why it commands such loyalty from users, even when the price tag remains steep. At first, many were suspicious about a high-tech product that is simple. It just does not seem fea sible. When Apple launched the products, it made the critics eat their words, and turned them into fans and loyal Apple users.Keeping things simple also means knowing when to omit some features. Sometimes, consumer electronics manufacturers get a little in over their heads when the pack as much features as they can in their products, on the pretext of having more to offer users. The result is a highly complicated contraption that ends up becoming a headache.Distinctive designClean, friendly and fun. These are only three of the many adjectives that aptly describe the Apple design aesthetic. Try walking down a crowded street and check out what smartphones are being used by the people you meet. For sure, you will easily spot the unmistakable design of the iPhone, regardless of what version it is. And you do not even have to see the Apple logo to be sure about it.Apple products have a distinctive look that is credited hugely to what Jobs and his team started. This is actually very comme ndable since, for the longest time, simple has always been equated with plain and boring. Apple has successfully combined the two: simple products that look unique and distinct, without sacrificing functionality.Attention to detailApple incorporates precision in its design. Every groove, every curve, every varying degree of rounded corners… there is a reason behind them. And Apple does not try to cut corners by using cheaper alternatives for materials, either.By working closely with manufacturers, Apple is able to keep a tight rein on its quality control. It knows exactly what is going into the production process, and it is able to prevent cheap and subpar materials from entering the process and becoming part of the finished product. Similarly, it always keeps its eyes peeled on new manufacturing practices and innovations that will prove to be beneficial to Apple (read: maintain or enhance product quality further). For example, the iPod and several older versions of the iMac featu red layers of different-colored plastic material. This was made possible when Apple found a manufacturer that was able to perform this method â€" called “double-shot” method â€" and they worked together with that manufacturer to refine the process and apply it into the production of the iPod.This is part of the reason why Apple products are more expensive than others: they do not skimp on the materials used. While other manufacturers may seek alternatives such as plastic or metal substitutes â€" just because they are simpler to work with and cheaper to finance and sell â€" Apple stands by its design ideals.Well-structured product design processIt’s easy to say that what makes a product design is the idea itself. However, many overlook the actual design process. This is not a mistake that Apple makes, though, since it boasts a design method that can only be described as “well-structured”. Indeed, the design process is a “process”, and implemented as such.There is also a sense of intimacy in how the product design teams work within Apple. A design team only has around 12 to 20 people, and this limit is advantageous in terms of keeping the team focused. It is definitely much harder to manage a team with a lot of people, since there will be a lot of ideas flying around, no matter how tough of a taskmaster the team leader is.There is also the fact that the design process is not a standalone division within the company. There is a need to factor in how the design process will ultimately impact, or relate to, other aspects of the business, such as the production process, the engineers, marketing and sales and distribution. By keeping the team small, the design process will be much more manageable.Apple also has the following tips in order to have a great design for your product.Quality above all: Do not just focus on the packaging, or the number of features you packed into your product. The most important question is: does the product work according to users’ expectations? Do they deliver the functions that users are looking for? Apple puts emphasis on the overall customer experience; customer service, after-sales support, and even retail sales service. However, all that would be for nothing when the product design itself is of low quality. This also includes making sure you use high quality materials on the product.Be flexible when it comes to change: This is apparent in how Apple is willing to put its products through successive design iterations, doing away with the old to make way for the new. Change is constant, and it is even more fast-paced when it comes to technology. In order to ensure that your product design is abreast of the changing times and climes, you have to embrace them as they come, and integrate them into your design process.If you could, stay ahead of the pack: Apple has the advantage of being in control of both hardware and software, and its own technologies. This means that it is able to deliver products t hat are timely and will be compatible with the latest and newest technologies in the market. This level of control pretty much gives you a lot of freedom when working on product designs over time.Be innovative: What can you offer in your product that no one has ever done yet? Aim to be a pioneer. That’s what Steve Jobs did, and look where Apple is right now.Take your time: Rushing the product design stage proved to be more of a pitfall than a success point for many manufacturers. Many have gone this route, particularly those who are aiming for a specific release date for their product. More often than not, this results to “half-baked” products. Apple spends a considerable length of time in the design stage of its product development, and this was another philosophy passed down by Steve Jobs.Don’t be afraid to take risks: Nothing is a sure thing. Even Apple knows this. With every product it designs and plans to introduce to the market, it is taking a risk. It’s making a gam ble that may or may not pay off. But it should not be done recklessly, either. Take risks, as long as you have all your bases covered, and you have conducted all the necessary feasibility and viability studies.Understand the product: Just because you are tasked to work on the design does not mean that you should focus solely on it. You have to understand the materials used, the processes involved, and the nitty-gritty of the product. Only then will you have greater confidence when working on the final product design.Get help: Asking for inputs is one way to know whether you are on the right track or not. And who better to get input from than your potential users or customers? You can also get valuable input from other professionals, such as engineers, marketers, designers, and even manufacturers.Without doubt, the company stops at nothing to ensure that its customers get nothing but the very best. From the design all the way to the production and marketing, nothing is left to chance . This explains the high levels of success enjoyed by the company.

My Own Personal Fitness Level Essay - 1430 Words

The purpose of this research essay is to evaluate my own personal fitness level through a variety of exercises and compare my results to my peers in the class and to the Canadian norms. The controlled assessment of my fitness started with resting measures that included blood pressure and heart beat, then moved onto a body composition assessment that consisted of Body Mass Index (BMI), height, weight, and waist circumference. The assessment evaluation of my fitness was composed of cardiovascular endurance which was measured by a VO2 max, grip strength, push-ups, vertical jump and back extension. Flexibility and balance were assessed as well by using trunk flexion to measure flexibility and balance were measured by standing on one foot having first your eyes open, and then closed. Introduction/Review of Literature There are various factors involved in a person’s physical fitness, all of which are showed in a basic fitness assessment. With this being said, there is more to successful fitness than just activity. Both physiologically and psychologically, a person must illustrate work ethic and passion over a period of time to be physically fit. The basic fitness assessment conducted upon me started off with an individual assessment and then moved onto a series of physical activity tests. The whole fitness assessment went in the following order: resting measures, body composition, cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility and balance. With all theseShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement For A Fitness Trainer987 Words   |  4 Pagesis Outlining your Profession. My desired profession is to be a fitness trainer. I strive to motivate and inspire others to live a healthy lifestyle. Although a degree is not required to complete this goal, I feel that a Bachelor of Scie nce in Health and Wellness from Kaplan will give me a better understanding of the human body and broaden my career path. I will gain knowledge from Kaplan to exceed in the fitness world. Fitness trainers help individual’s reach fitness and nutrition goals by motivatingRead MorePersonal Statement Of A Fitness App1511 Words   |  7 Pagesused a fitness app in the past year and I am one of them (â€Å"Hacking Health†). Last year, I was gifted a Fitbit for Christmas from my father and I began to use it every day along with a calorie counting app called MyFitnessPal. My main goal was to lose weight, and I did. The combination between MyFitnessPal and Fitbit was perfect. I could log my activity with one and what I ate with the other. 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After talking to Penny Lane, I found out she did gymnastics as a child at her local fitness center. She was a student for there for about 8 years, while growing up. Then while she was in high school she was asked to teach for students at her fitness

Great Expectations Moral Extremes - 733 Words

Great Expectations Moral Extremes Theme The novel, Great Expectations, revolves around one’s own morals and moral extremes. The main character, Pip, is often caught between moral extremes throughout the story. Pip perceives other characters as either good or bad without any median. However, we are not perfect due to natural human error. Pip makes some bad choices, but also does kind acts and makes right choices. This doesn’t automatically make Pip a bad person, nor a good person. One person cannot understand something at one glance, nor fully understand something even with a full examination. One action does not define someone in whole. Pip symbolizes a human being. People make plenty of mistakes and do some good things as well. As we mature, we often make better decisions because of experience. Most humans want to be good while some think they’re doing the right thing but are doing wrong. People also sometimes make assumptions about other people that are in most cases wrong. Pip truly tries to act g ood but makes mistakes along the way; just like most people. As the story unfolds, Pip becomes different. In the beginning of Great Expectations, Pip is an orphaned boy who is being raised by his sister and her sister’s husband, Joe. Joe was like a real father to Pip and was never mean to him. Pip is part of the lower class as Joe is just a mere blacksmith. As a child, Pip experiences many events that contribute to the man he will grow up to be, just like humans. OurShow MoreRelatedThe Frivolity of Evil by Theodore Dalrymple Essay886 Words   |  4 Pagesanalyzes the causes of human misery. His work as a psychiatrist in Great Britains slums afforded him a great vantage point to analyze this topic nearer to the fundamental of human existence. He concluded that the citizens of Great Britian willingly participated in precipitating their own misery. 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When evaluating a specific situation with Act Utilitarianism, one must evaluate every instance of that act. The act has to result in the best consequences for the greatest number of individuals. When evaluating Betty’s choices, it would be the moral choice for her to throw the party if by doingRead MoreThe Influence Of Society On Victorian Relationships1411 Words   |  6 Pagesafter relationships that agreed with the expectations set by society. Victorian literature satirized and underscored these expectations and their effects on individuals. During the Victorian Era relationships were not focused on the emotional aspect of marriage but rather growth in reputation and status. The characters in Oscar Wilde’s works, The Importance of Being Earnest and The Picture of Dorian Gray, display the consequences of the demanding expectations on the characters’ behaviors. Jane EyreRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard To Find, The Cask Of Amontillado And The Devil712 Words   |  3 PagesCask of Amontillado† and â€Å"The Devil† all revolve around the motifs of morality and extreme behavior. Each story commonly portrays how each character has a reason that drives and motivates their moral choices; however, the reasons differ between the three short stories. The short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, demonstrates how the perception of â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† is relative among individuals, which can lead to moral choices that would seem conflicting and morally-wrong to other individuals. TheRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if you’re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead More Discuss how origins are explored through realist and other conventions1681 Words   |  7 Pagesrealist and other conventions referring to Great Expectations and Frankenstein. Realism is the presentation of art to show life as it is. Realist fiction is the platform which allows the reader to be addressed in such a way that he or she is always, in some way, saying, Yes. Thats it, thats how it really is. The realist novel, in trying to show us the world as it is, often reaffirms, in the last instance, the way things are. In Great Expectations, and Frankenstein, we are exposed to the

Birthday Party Free Essays

A birthday is a very wonderful day. Everybody likes to celebrate it. It is a good opportunity to spend time with friends, parents, relatives. We will write a custom essay sample on Birthday Party or any similar topic only for you Order Now My 17th birthday party last year was a really memorable occasion. I celebrated it at home in the evening. All my friends came and we had a lot of fun. Preparations began a day before the celebration. My mother and I cleaned the house. Many delicious dishes were cooked, the rooms were decorated with balloons and steamers. In the morning of birthday party day my father went shopping and bought everything we needed. All the invitations were sent one week before the celebration. In the morning on my birthday my parents put the presents near my bed. So, the first thing I saw when I opened my eyes was my presents. My mom and daddy and my little brother came to my room to congratulate me and to sing ? «Happy Birthday? ». By the evening food was cooked, the table was laid. We put on evening suits and dresses and waited for the guests. The flat looked nice and cosy. I was very glad to meet my guests. I got a lot of flowers, presents and Birthday cards. We had an abundant dinner on this day. My mother bought in the birthday cake and I blew the candles out. We danced and sang songs, played games and laughed, Joked, told funny stories, listened to the music. I think that my birthday is one of the best days in a year. The entire evening was a huge success and everyone agreed that we had a lot of fun. It certainly was the best party I have ever had, because of the great pleasure it gave me to see so many of my friends and relatives together in the same place. I think I shall remember my party for a long time to come. A birthday is a very wonderful day. Everybody likes to celebrate it. It is a good opportunity to spend time with friends, parents, relatives. My 17th birthday party last year was a really memorable occasion. I celebrated it at home in the evening. All my friends came and we had a lot of fun. Preparations began a day before the celebration. My mother and I cleaned the house. Many delicious dishes were cooked, the rooms were decorated with balloons and steamers. In the morning of birthday party day my father went shopping and bought everything we needed. All the invitations were sent one week before the celebration. In the morning on my birthday my parents put the presents near my bed. So, the first thing I saw when I opened my eyes was my presents. My mom and daddy and my little brother came to my room to congratulate me and to sing ? «Happy Birthday? ». By the evening food was cooked, the table was laid. We put on evening suits and dresses and waited for the guests. The flat looked nice and cosy. I was very glad to meet my guests. I got a lot of flowers, presents and Birthday cards. We had an abundant dinner on this day. My mother bought in the birthday cake and I blew the candles out. We danced and sang songs, played games and laughed, Joked, told funny stories, listened to the music. I think that my birthday is one of the best days in a year. The entire evening was a huge success and everyone agreed that we had a lot of fun. It certainly was the best party I have ever had, because of the great pleasure it gave me to see so many of my friends and relatives together in the same place. I think I shall remember my party for a long time to come. Birthday Party By marusks05 How to cite Birthday Party, Papers

The Relationship Between Snowball And Napoleon In free essay sample

Animal Farm Essay, Research Paper The relationship environing Snowball and Napoleon in George Orwell s Animal Farm tends to be on bouldery evidences. Snowball, a clever hog, tends to be loyal, weather, and surpassing. These are merely a few first-class qualities of a leader. Napoleon, a Sus scrofa, on the other manus, is rather frankly rude, wretched, and full of greed. Both have had their portion of leading on the farm, yet both have had their portion of struggle as good. Snowball, Animal Farm s foremost and first leader, is and ever should be good respected. He courageously fought at the conflict of Cowshed, the first struggle between adult male and animate being. He took lesions, he took control, and he spoke for the well being of the Animals. He conceived the great windmill that would provide the Animal Farm with electric power. All this for the prosperity of his fellow animate being until Napoleon stepped in. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Snowball And Napoleon In or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Napoleon was a leader who led with an Fe fist. A fist he used to in secret mistreat his fellow animate being. He began by raising several fierce Canis familiariss to help him in implementing his regulations, Torahs, and outlooks. Using them, he suddenly ended Snowballs reign by utilizing the Canis familiariss to expatriate him from the farm. Shortly after, he halted the building of the windmill. More frequently than non he would smartly work his manner around the seven commandments by changing them to his pleasance. For illustration, Now carnal shall imbibe intoxicant to excess. Or No carnal shall kip in a bed with sheets. Napoleon grounded the rations of each and every animate being. The farm easy fell into a dark abysm with every wretched move Napoleon made. What s worse, Napoleon came to invariably utilize Snowball to switch the incrimination on every little bad luck on the farm. For illustration, when the windmill was first destroyed by the twister, Napoleon blamed it on Snowball. Besides, Snowball was incrimination for destructing farm belongings, blending nutrients with weeds, and in secret cabaling with homo, which was purely prohibited by carnal jurisprudence. However, the accusals were neer proven true, as Snowball was neer heard from once more since his ejection. The above stated clearly defines the about disgusting relationship Napoleon and Snowball one time shared. It can safely be concluded that Animal Farm is a book really concerned about the political relations of leading and the rise and autumn of great leaders. It is said that the events environing the Animal Farm are mirrored to the events that took topographic point during the Russian Revolution, yet another illustration of the rise of great power and the autumn of great epoch s.

Stroke Incident essays

Stroke Incident essays Strokes, also referred to as a brain attack, deal with a problem with the blood supply to the brain. It is the third leading cause of death in the United States costing $30 billion a year. It strikes about 700,000 Americans each year, killing 160,000 victims annually. Twenty-percent of cases result because of internal bleeding within the brain. The other 80% of all strokes are associated with blockages in the carotid arteries and are preventable! On average, someone in the U.S. suffers a stroke every 53 seconds. Studies show that 10-18% will experience another stroke within a year, and 20-34% within 3 years. African-Americans also die of stroke about two times more than whites do, due to their higher risk factors of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and sickle cell anemia. In addition, 4 million Americans are living with the effects of a stroke: 1/3 mild, 1/3 moderate, and 1/3 severe. Almost half of the people who are going to have a stroke have no symptoms prior to the time of stroke. The symptoms suffered depend on which part of the brain is affected. Some common symptoms experienced are: sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm, or leg, paralysis down one side, sudden dimness or loss of vision, particularly in one eye, speech impairment or loss, confusion, inability to swallow, sudden severe headache with no known cause, dizziness, unsteadiness, or sudden falls. For some, the effects are more minor and last less than 24 hours. When this happens, doctors call it a mini-stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). For others, the effects are more severe, sometimes improving after a few weeks as other parts of the brain take over, sometimes leaving people permanently disabled. There are many things that put people at risk of having a stroke, and it is important to try and keep these to a minimum. Even though there are some risk factors that cannot be changed such as getting older, being male, fam ...

How to Copy a Row in Excel VBA

How to Copy a Row in Excel VBA Using VBA to program Excel isnt as popular as it once was. However, there are still plenty of programmers who prefer it when working with Excel. If you are one of those people, this article is for you.​ Copying a row in Excel VBA is the kind of thing that Excel VBA is really useful for. For example, you may want to have one file of all your receipts with date, account, category, provider, product/service, and cost entered one line at a time, as they occur- an instance of evolving accounting rather than static accounting. To do this, you need to be able to copy a row from one worksheet to another. A sample Excel VBA program that copies a row from one worksheet to another- using only three columns for simplicity- contains: An alpha column for textA numeric column - an automatic sum is created on the target worksheetA date column - the current date and time is filled in automatically Considerations for Writing Excel VBA Code To trigger an event that copies the row, go with the standard- a Button form control. In Excel, click Insert on the Developer tab. Then, select the Button form control and draw the button where you want it. Excel automatically displays a dialog to give you a chance to select a macro triggered by the click event of the button  or to create a new one. There are several ways to find the last row in the target worksheet so the program can copy a row at the bottom. This example chooses to maintain the number of the last row in the worksheet. To maintain the number of the last row, you have to store that number somewhere. This might be a problem because the user might change or delete the number. To get around this, place it in the cell directly underneath the form button. That way, its inaccessible to the user. (The easiest thing to do is enter a value in the cell and then move the button over it.) Code to Copy a Row Using Excel VBA Sub Add_The_Line() Dim currentRow As Integer Sheets(Sheet1).Select currentRow Range(C2).Value Rows(7).Select Selection.Copy Sheets(Sheet2).Select Rows(currentRow).Select ActiveSheet.Paste Dim theDate As Date theDate Now() Cells(currentRow, 4).Value CStr(theDate) Cells(currentRow 1, 3).Activate Dim rTotalCell As Range Set rTotalCell _ Sheets(Sheet2).Cells(Rows.Count, C).End(xlUp).Offset(1, 0) rTotalCell WorksheetFunction.Sum _ (Range(C7, rTotalCell.Offset(-1, 0))) Sheets(Sheet1).Range(C2).Value currentRow 1 End Sub This code uses xlUp, a magic number, or more technically an enumerated constant, which is recognized by the End method. Offset(1,0) simply  moves up one row in the same column, so the net effect is to select the last cell in column C. In words, the statement says: Go to the last cell in column C (equivalent to EndDown Arrow).Then, go back up to the last unused cell (equivalent to the EndUp Arrow).Then, go up one more cell. The last statement updates the location of the last row. VBA is probably harder than VB.NET because you have to know both VB and Excel VBA objects. Using xlUP is a good example of the kind of specialized knowledge that is critical to being able to write VBA macros without looking up three different things for every statement you code. Microsoft has made great progress in upgrading the Visual Studio editor to help you figure out the correct syntax, but the VBA editor hasnt changed much.

Oppression & Criminal Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Oppression & Criminal Activity - Essay Example On the other side, poverty is a harsh reality which has a language and dialect of its own and it has the power to adversely influence one’s social and spiritual health. This other side is heartrendingly established by Meridel Le Sueur in her novel ‘The Girl’. The girl is one of those for whom the childhood is not a sweet memory. Quite on the contrary, it is an account of pain, humiliation and patriarchal brutality. It is explicitly revealed in the playfulness and rejoicing of children when the girl’s father is dead. Though the story was originally set in the backdrop of the Great Depression in the United States, its implications remain valid irrespective of time and space; that a delay of four decades in the publication of ‘The Girl’ did not have any effect on its popularity is a testimony to the timelessness of the relevance of its theme. When starvation, sexual abuse, monotony and lack of opportunities become the order of life, they create the ground for the evolution of a naà ¯ve farm girl into an accomplice in a bank robbery. The girl’s anonymity does not cause any confusion because the applicability of her experiences is universal. It is the same stimulus – poverty – that makes the girl indulge in recreational sex (Coiner 111), gives Belle the courage to operate a speakeasy or pushes Clara into prostitution. It may be noted that none of them ever had any feelings of guilt nor any qualms of conscience over what they did. Le Sueur’s focus in the novel, which was intended as a memorial to the women of the Depression, was primarily on the lives and condition of women of the proletarian class in the thirties, but the story, through the character of Butch, the girl’s lover, incidentally throws light on the evils of the capitalist structure (Sueur 135). Butch’s speech before his death (after the foiled bank robbery attempt) exposes how the system and institutions in vogue contribute to unequal opportunities thereby making a section of the population desperate and furious. The significance of the story’s tragic end is that the desperation and fury of the oppressed are not of any consequence, as is indicated by Clara’s unwept death or the kind of end that Hoink, Ganz and Butch eventually meet with. In the struggle for survival, it is always the mighty that win; the rest is foredoomed to become extinct. The personal good and bad traits of the characters notwithstanding, the y have a common source of motivation – lack of options – that drives them towards planning and executing (often unsuccessfully) criminal activities. Modern theories on self-improvement suggest that if one thinks one can do, one can. Examined from the perspective of Butch’s experience, the validity of such theories becomes debatable. Butch feels good, feels strong, has a passion for winning and claims that he is a natural winner, that winning is in his bones. What, then, turns such a man of attitude into a criminal is an eternal mystery. What, however, turns out to be obvious is that poverty is not quite the right platform to produce winners. It is the population at the lower rungs of the economic ladder that fills prisons and never the other way round. By and large, there are prisons because there are slums and these slums produce a lot of blind men with pistols. ‘Blind Man with a Pistol’ by Chester Himes is less a detective novel and more an anti-d etective novel in which the plight of the poor and the disenfranchised and their victimization by the law and order enforcement machinery is realistically depicted. The prostitutes, homosexuals and janitors chased by Grave Digger Jones and Coffin Ed Johnson are invariably from ghettos or tenements. Here it is not only the question of survival

Website Design for Interactive Environment Coursework - 1

Website Design for Interactive Environment - Coursework Example In its purest form, the 100% mobile device is an extension of the user not the other way round, extension of the device. Globally, mobile devices outnumber desktop computers 20-1. Given that, not every mobile device- especially phones- has the functionality to access the internet, however the turnover frequency for mobile devices is higher than that of the desktop devices. Mobile devices have brought a revolutionary omnipresence and it is vital to understand the meaning of the term â€Å"mobile web†. There are cases that call for the inclusion of protocols and standards such as SMTP, SMS, and IM in the definition of this term but this report adapts Colborne’s definition as the subset of HTTP content that has been optimized for and is accessible with a mobile device. Mobile web content is therefore less detailed, making it lighter than desktop web, due to the technical limitations posed by the technology. When using a desktop workstation to access the web, we connect using Ethernet over a leased line that has a rich infrastructure. If we opted to use Wi-Fi in place of the Ethernet, even on the same workstation at home, it comes with new complications into the equation. A close examination of the underlying technology that supports mobile web reveals the technical hurdles that a mobile device overcomes while connecting to the exact same data reservoir as the workstation or notebook PC. The mobile device connects over a less robust network whether it’s the faster and newer EDGE or G3 connection or slower and older GPRS. Once the connection has been made, it must be held through a call transfer from multiple cell-towers as the user traverses the coverage connection matrix of a given carrier. This makes the mobile devices extremely limited in terms of available bandwidth. Screen size is the most obvious difference a computer and mobile device. For years, the minimum screen resolution designed has been increasing. Similarly,

Compare and contrast the poems The Tyger and The Donkey and Essay

Compare and contrast the poems The Tyger and The Donkey and discuss which poet gives us the clearest depiction of humanity. William Blake is a wealthy, upper-class writer who separates himself from the rest of the wealthy community. Blake has a hate for the techniques used by many of the wealthy, company owners who gain and capitalise through cheap and expendable labour, supplied by the ever-growing poverty in the country. Blake makes a point to try and reveal this industrial savagery through his work. "The Tyger" is presented as a metaphorical approach to the struggle between the rich and the poor; good and evil. The several references to good and evil reinforce this idea and meaning. "The Tyger" holds one great metaphorical element, which is, what created the tiger? Good or evil? It raises many theories for the tiger's existence but the main point is to show that there is good and evil in everyone and everything. Blake shows us how something so beautiful can really be both beautiful but still retain a certain ferocity and savagery. Such as the wealthy factory owners of the 18th century, they offered a well-paid job and good employment benefits, but that was all just a faà §ade. The truth was cramped and dangerous working conditions, low pay and long hours; yet the people continued to labour in these factories at their own expense, while the wealthy owner sat back and watched workers toil and cash flow. The metaphor for this is like temptation, desperation and greed can lead people to be fooled, though true these people weren't greedy yet they were desperate for money to survive, although they could not judge correctly for themselves and became entrapped in the businessman's deception. Just like "The T... ...tent, the final stanza sums up everything within the poem, after all the questions it comes to a conclusion in the form of a final question: "What immortal hand or eye dare frame thy fearful symmetry?" "The Donkey" has a unique rhythm, one that also relates to the animal being referred to. The rhyme pattern imitates the donkeys walk, 1-2-1-2, this concept isn't easily recognised, but to notice it, shows the depth of the poem. Chesterton either included this simply by chance or meant to do it, which shows a strong backbone to his writings. Both poems are similar in many respects and both writers share common ideas, the use of animals to portray ideas and the views they have about human kind. Both "The Tyger" and "The Donkey" show elements of each other, and this is reflected in the writer, two great minds, with great mindsets on life and human kind.

Analyse how information is presented in Tabloid and Broadsheet Newspapers

This essay will discuss in depth, the techniques both Tabloids and Broadsheets employ to present the information in their respective newspapers. The definition of a Tabloid is a small sized paper with many pictures, whilst a Broadsheet is generally a larger sized paper with a focus more on text than pictures. Size is not the only topic that will be covered in the essay; this essay will also explore the use of language of a paper, the main conventions of a paper such as The Headline and puffs, the use of visual effects such as pictures, adverts and special features such as double page spreads. The title poses the question of â€Å"how information is presented in Tabloid and Broadsheet newspapers†. From the Masthead to the Article the reader is inundated with information, this comes in many forms depending on the paper and its format. Tabloids utilize a number of methods for the transfer of information; this could include the use of Headlines, pictures and use of Language. The use of pictures in Tabloids is crucial to their success and popularity. Like most points the use of Pictures is important but is complimentary to another aspect of Tabloids and would not have nearly the same amount of effectiveness without the other conventions of the paper. The expression that a picture is worth a thousand words is not to be underestimated when examining tabloids. Tabloids often pick their pictures specifically for the type of story they want and more importantly the stance they want to take for this story, for example the picture featured in the Daily Express 6 September 2005 depicted two heavily armed police officers in the recently devastated city of New Orleans. This greatly complimented the article which even though reported on the recent disaster of Hurricane Katrina focused more on the lack of security forces in the area and the actions police had to take to keep control over the general populous. The picture itself did give the reader a feeling of the type of place New Orleans now was, that being a very dangerous one, and so in that sense the picture succeeded in rousing some sort of emotion in the reader before even having set about reading the text. The picture was very sensationalist as was the language and so the two complemented each other perfectly. This use of pictures to complement articles by giving the reader an insight on the article subject is common practice by both Tabloids and Broadsheets. But it is Tabloids who take it one step further and use pictures to stir emotions within the reader which to some extent subsidises and even does away with the need for emotive language within the article but not altogether. As pictures still do in many cases support the text. Everywhere we look on a paper we are consciously or subliminally gathering information. When a reader sees a masthead such as that of The Sun they have already gained information on the kind of paper it is and therefore what kind of stories it features. The Sun's masthead for example with it's big and bold white font set on a bright red background suggests that the paper is cheerful, not too serious and is a light read. This information can be gathered simply by the connotations that the actual masthead emanates as well as the simple preconception that the reader has from hear say and maybe previous experience of the paper. One of the main aspects of Tabloids is their use of Headlines and Sub-titles. Tabloids are shrewd in the art of Headlines, they are artful manipulators of language and this is one of the main â€Å"weapons† in their â€Å"armoury†. The Headline is one of the first things a prospective customer sees when browsing through the racks of papers, if the headline sounds appealing then hopefully the paper will be just as good, a lot of Tabloid sales depends on their headlines. Tabloids use such techniques as puns, rhetorical questions, alliteration, assonance and more. These techniques make a headline appealing to the reader and therefore make the paper more appealing, for example, â€Å"Runaway Roadent Rescued† this is a pun regarding the story of a hamster finding its way onto a road and being rescued by a passer by. This play on words is typical among Tabloids but that particular quote was from the 25 September 2005 Sun newspaper. This is directly linked to the use of language in newspapers and also the type of information in newspapers as the headline dictates what the article will be and vice versa. By far the most relevant part of the Tabloid is the news or information which is represented by its use of language. Language plays a critical role in the composition of a Tabloid. As with headlines, techniques such as puns and alliteration are common place within the articles of such Tabloid papers as The Sun and The News of The World. The type of language used in Tabloids can be most easily defined as Sensationalist. This is when the journalist or newspaper use lurid and often exaggerated material in this case, as its general style to gain public attention or sales. This comprises all writing techniques exploited to gain readership. Being sensationalist might also include focusing on one side of the article as is the case with the article from The Daily Express 6 September, in which the article was focused mainly on the action of the police and on the aggression posed to George W. Bush by The Louisiana Senator; † yesterday threatened to punch President Bush if he repeated his accusation that the local sheriffs had failed in their duty†¦ â€Å", this type of focus is another common characteristic of many tabloids who cannot seem to give an unbiased judgement on any situation. In most Tabloids you would find such words and phrases as; â€Å"living hell†, â€Å"boozy† etc. It is not uncommon for Tabloids to coin their own phrases for events, these phrases sometimes get adopted by the mainstream media and sometimes even broadsheets, for example: the very recent events about Roy Keane and his propose move from Manchester United has hailed a new nickname for him thought up by tabloids, The Sun â€Å"Don't leave Keano† as its headline. While in October 2, 2005 The Observer its opening statement on the story was â€Å"Whatever the future for Keano, Manchester United†¦ † There is a great difference between the average article lengths of Broadsheets and Tabloids. Generally Broadsheets would have the longer more analytical articles whilst Tabloids would stick to their more bias based short articles unless the subject matter is about a scandalous celebrity in which case you would be lucky to see such an article in a Broadsheet unless it really was big news, whilst Tabloids would devote a two page spread no doubt with a big compromising picture of the celebrity in question. The language used is casual, colloquial and often slang. This is how we would talk when addressing friends and so in using colloquial language the Tabloids are only reinforcing their friendly, cheerful image. Opening paragraphs are common place and another main convention in all papers. Their purpose is to give the reader a quick summary of the article topic whilst simultaneously introducing the article. Opening paragraphs do not differ very much between Broadsheets and Tabloids apart from the type of language used in them. Tabloids generally have more action orientated opening paragraphs, a good example of this would be in The Daily Espress September 6; â€Å"BATTLE-hardened Iraq war veterans were among 40,000 troops patrolling America's stricken Deep South last night as the rule of law at last began to be reimposed. This as an opening paragraph was very action orientated, in the quotation itself please note the â€Å"BATTLE†, the first word being in block capital letters, this was the newspaper itself wishing to obviously highlight this feature. This is not uncommon in Tabloids whose readers skim through the article at best and rely more heavily on the opening paragraph as an insight into the article itself, this action orientated opening was fully intended by the Tabloid and was there to catch the reader's eye with its Capital letters and its manipulative placing. Broadsheets generally keep their opening paragraphs brief but use more narrative techniques. In The Daily Telegraph, September 6 the article starts of with a quote and goes on to describe the scene following Hurricane Katrina; † as the familiar battered blue Buick station-wagon of her neighbours lumbered into their water-logged street for the first time in over a week. † This type of writing is familiar in Broadsheets who introduce the article in a more composed way so as to avoid both bias and proceed to the analytical approach that many Broadsheets take in their articles. Vocabulary in both Broadsheets and Tabloids vary depending on the paper. Generally Tabloids arguably have a more primitive use of vocabulary while Broadsheets have a more developed use of vocabulary. Quite simply Broadsheets use longer and more complicated words than Tabloids but Tabloids have an excuse. The average reader of a Tabloid is arguably Middle to Lower class, people who want a light read with not too much analysis and intense storytelling which is what papers are, storytellers. So the Tabloids mitigate their vocabulary so as not to offend any lower class readers who did not get the same standard of education as the average reader of The Times for example who is probably from a Middle or Upper class family and might have gone to a good Grammer or Public school therefore receiving a higher quality of education than his Sun reading counterpart. This is all a generalisation and therefore not a totally accurate view on society and who reads what paper, it is a mere illustration of the typical reader of certain Newspapers. Broadsheets on the other hand have an extended use of vocabulary and therefore one can conclude that the average Broadsheet reader is probably not poorly educated and therefore of at least a high lower class background. But the one aspect of all this that is an anomaly is that Tabloids use their language in a more manipulative and therefore intellectual way. The ability to use such techniques as puns and alliteration in an article is a very advanced use of language. This shows that even though on surface Tabloids use less sophisticated language they are really very shrewd manipulators of language. Such as the Tabloid the ever closer to extinction Broadsheet is a newspaper, and as the name suggests its main purpose is to inform the reader of yesterday's events. This is a big problem for Broadsheets, the fact that we now have twenty four hour news stations working tirelessly round the clock to give the news to the public the minute it happens is posing a threat to Broadsheets. Tabloids on the other hand rely on their light read and fun loving image to sell papers, but Broadsheets have an ever growing task ahead of them. As with most papers the masthead is the first factor that gives off information. With The Daily Telegraph for instance, the paper gives off the connotations of being honest, conservative, traditional and important news not to mention being daily. All of these features make up the image of the paper and obviously that is the image that most people get when thinking of The Daily Telegraph with its traditional but automatically recognisable font. This is correlated with the use of language in a paper as the masthead is an indicator of the general readership of a paper which determines the type of language used in the paper. Comparable to Tabloids the Broadsheet sells on its Headlines and subtitles. Instead of using puns and word play to attract customers it uses comparatively normal headlines and rarely utilizes puns but on occasion does use alliteration. Broadsheet Headlines are a lot more narrative than those of Tabloids, the story rather than relies on opinion and sensationalism, e. g. â€Å"New Orleans was living hell† and â€Å"Families go home to pick over the remnants of ruined lives†. The former of the two quotations is from The Daily Express while the latter is a headline from The Daily Telegraph, both of whom were some might say surprisingly reporting on the same story, The New Orleans disaster. As the quotations illustrated, Tabloids make use of a variety of techniques when composing their Headlines while Broadsheets generally simply tell the reader the subject matter of the article in more sophisticated methods than as was described. This is directly linked with the language used in Broadsheets as the Headline is an indicator of the complexity of the language in the article. The language used in the Articles of a Broadsheet like The Headlines differ to those in a Tabloid. Whilst in Tabloids you would expect to find colloquial and rather simple use of language, Broadsheets are very different in this way. They are analytical in their approach to the subject and without any bias unlike Tabloids. Broadsheets use more complex language with a more narrative style of writing rather than the sensationalist style you would find in a Tabloid. There is also a great contrast in the coverage of a story. In the Tabloid the article was firmly set around the law enforcement in New Orleans centring mainly about issues of action, as well as being very brief partly because there is only so much coverage you can give to the security forces when there is a noticeable lack of them. In the broadsheet article covering exactly the same story, The New Orleans disaster, the article is focused more on the victims and their loss post hurricane period rather than the security situation. The article is analytical offering a post hurricane analysis of all the key individuals to do with the matter. This is complemented by the more sophisticated use of language. The length of the Article is also a lot longer than that of the articles in Tabloids. Tabloids generally report directly on the story while Broadsheets analyse the story. A good example of this would be the recent hijacking of a British tank in Iraq. The Tabloids reported on the story itself and on how the soldier involved was a hero, while The Broadsheets analysed the whole episode, reporting on the story, analysing on why it happened, how it happened giving a step by step account on the days proceedings and the consequences of those events. Tabloids usually hone in on a single story while Broadsheets try to give an analysis on the â€Å"bigger picture†. The differences between Tabloids and Broadsheets are wide and varied. Tabloids are a modern creation, created to contend with magazines rather than the traditional news, they are popular newspapers simply because to find the news the average person can simply turn on the television and any relevant stories will be on. This is how Tabloids can be so successful in today's markets, they do not bother competing with giving the news instead they give opinion and stories the public want, another reason why Tabloids spend so very much money on exclusive scoops such as the recent wedding of Katie Price (Jordan, Glamour model) and Peter Andre (pop-singer). Broadsheets on the other hand are a victim of circumstance. The world has been changing in the last century and they have been slow to pick up on this, this is a simple answer to their dwindling sales, but they are good at what they do. They give out opinion as well but for the reader's benefit, it is often thought provoking and welcome by the reader, not subliminal and unknown like the case is with Tabloids. Broadsheets are sophisticated newspapers who give the news in its best possible way, refined and with a touch of sophistication. In conclusion the way information is presented in Tabloids and Broadsheets are varied and quite unique to their respective formats. Tabloids are cunning and develop their stories through their many techniques. Broadsheets are equally if not cleverer than tabloids and still retain their dignity and self worth, but they are fighting a losing battle against todays on the spot news broadcasting. They still have a devoted readership and hopefully a growing one but in the media world it truly is survival of the fittest and Broadsheets are only now realising that evolution is the answer even if it does mean the alienation of a small percentage of their readership.

Financial Crisis Is A Disruption To Financial Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3312 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? A financial crisis is a disruption to financial markets in which adverse selection and moral hazard problems become much worse, so that financial markets are unable to efficiently channel funds to those who have the most productive investment opportunities (Mishkin, 1992,p. 115). The term financial crisis describes the several situations where financial institutions lose their values. Financial crisis are related to defaulting, subprime, currency crisis, stock market crashes, banking crisis, recession, securitization, wrong rating, common chocks and many others. Many empiric models have tried to explain the financial crisis. Principally, the first, second and third generation and the non-conventional models should be taken into account. The models examination started since 1979, by way of the first generation models that describe the unstable financial crisis, as an anticipatable but unavoidable event, resulting from the changeability of monetary policy with the exchange and fiscal rate. The second generation models existed in the mid-80, where anticipations examine the act of the auto crisis, where a financial crisis may or may not happen. The third generation models appeared after the East Asia financial crisis and join the economic crisis and the delicacy of the financial sector and infection from other countries (Ramrez et al., 2008). Kaminsky Reinhart (1998), state that the second generation models cannot be used to explain other financial crises where the trade balance is not an indicator of monetary crisis, as well as the first gener ation models. In addition to all that, regarding the non-conventional models of financial crisis, the events of the 90ÂÂ ´s financial crisis have encouraged the improvement of models in order to convey an empiric action which helps understand and simplify these events; and try to reduce the adverse impacts on the economy (Ramrez et al., 2008). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial Crisis Is A Disruption To Financial Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The latest credit crisis started in 2007 in the subprime mortgage market in the United States. The term Subprime describes the classification of the mortgagees who are not qualified for prime mortgage rates. The reason is their poor and impaired credit history or low income. Their low credit put forward for consideration that they are risky costumers because they are more likely to default on paying back the dept. Subprime lending carry more credit risk (or default risk) and a very high interest rates. Some mortgagees are considered as subprime borrowers even with their good credit history since they did not provide enough verification of the assets or income while applying for a loan. Taking for example, an employee who has a good salary and a good credit history (with no existing liabilities, charge offs, payment delinquencies or a low credit scores) applied for a loan but has elected to not provide the needed verification of her income. This costumer will be considered a subprime and charged a higher interest rate on the loan because she is considered a risky borrower who has a chance of defaulting (Subprime Lending, 2001). Many previous studies considered the factors and the aspects of the subpime mortgage crisis. Velde, in 2008, implies that the financial crisis is producing a slowdown in most developed countries and segments, and governments predict that the worst is not yet over. All regions have suffered declines in growth. According to World Bank estimates, the global economy contracted by 1.7 per cent in 2009, the first decline on record in world output (World Bank, 2009). Moreover, the UNCTAD, in 2009, explained that the risk of falling into deflation cannot be treated as unworthy of serious consideration for many chief economies and that the basis causes for the crisis should be identified. 1.1_Purpose of the study Financial crisis take place at the economic and the banking level. Since both a countrys economy and its banking system have a major effect, directly or indirectly, on the citizens budget, and thus, on their entire life, it is important to understand the different aspects of a financial crisis. The latest crisis was nothing like any other that happened before. Therefore, this study will shed light on it and comprehensively discuss the different factors that have contributed in the subprime mortgage credit crisis, its consequences and the policy responses. Chapter Two: Literature Review 2.1_Economy and the Banking Systems There is no strong country with a weak economy. The development of the financial position of public and private sectors in a country in addition to the average development of the financial position of each individual, which represent the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), determine the economic growth. The comparison between the economic growth of a country and that of its competitors identifies the local growths that are made or kept up. If there is no growth, or the economy is growing really slowly, then this is going to significantly have an impact on business strength. An economic growth can offer improvements in all the countrys segments. Even a small rise in annual economy can have great impacts thereafter. In addition to that, an economic growth lead to a human development, there is a strong relationship between economic growth and human development which shows the importance of a strong economic system (Ranis et a.l, 2000). The economy cannot operate unless being accompanied with the banks. The health of the economy is strictly associated to the soundness of its banking system. The banking system has made the personal transactions and the improvement of agriculture, industry and trade easier. Simultaneously, it made to economic development easier as well. The banking system plays an important role in the mobilization of savings; resources are organized by banks and as the banks deposit is liquid so people are able to get money even in crisis. The banking system have also a role in capital formation; it is essential for improving the economic state of a country which leads to a better employment rates and a better degree of material comfort available to a person or community. Regarding the promotion of employment; banks support the economy by reducing the level of unemployment since they give loans self-employers, manufacturer and businessmen to start or expand their businesses which create more job oppo rtunities. Therefore, a good banking system and economic growth support and encourage entrepreneurship. Furthermore, banks play a role in the safety of wealth; banks keep peoples money safe which lead to more savings. Lastly, banks help transfer money and make transactions in distant countries without difficulty which enlarged trade and market. C:UsersdayanaDocumentsMUBSseniornew articlesimportance Role of Banking System in the Economy 2.1.1_Financial Crisis and the Economic and Banking Systems The latest subprime mortgage crisis which started in 2007 caused the global economic system to tremble. It began in the financial sector and had a major effect on the economy. More essentially, the crisis spread widely and unexpectedly. Researchers, internationally, tried to find out how to stop the crisis of happening (European Commission, 2009) or how to reduce its possible impacts. The financial sector was well known to be very exceptional. Banks have several roles in the economy and are critical to the financial system and the real economy too. Above all, they perform an important role in corporate governance. Banks increase a big portion of their capitals by demandable deposits and investments in long-term assets. The maturity does not match between their assets and liabilities and their joinable through the interbank markets and the payments system, however, reveal financial institutions to the risk of insecurity and systemic crisis. Additionally, the good dependence on leverag e and property information that banks hold on their borrowers and mortgagers may convince them to take too much risk (OECD, 2009). 2.2_The Subprime Mortgages Crisis In the summer of 2007, subprime mortgage crisis was a widely used term to refer to the U.S. mortgage market, and losses from mortgage backed securities (MBSs) and collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) backed by subprime mortgages (kirk, 2007, p. 1). Mortgage-backed securities were the basis of the problem that caused the latest financial crisis. Mortgage-backed securities are a type of bonds issued by governments and firms who repay its holders a stable and constant interest rate for a distinct period (Chadda, 2008). 2.2.1_Types of Subprime Mortgages There are different types of subprime mortgages. They can be categorized in three types. The first type is the Interest-only mortgages that let borrowers pay just interest for a defined period (usually 5-10 years). The second type is the Pick a payment loans that let borrowers choose their monthly payment which can be full payment, interest-only, or a minimum payment (may be lower than the payment required to decrease the balance of the loan). The third and last type of subprime mortgages is the Initial fixed rate mortgages, it can be changed to variable rates (Chadda, 2008). 2.2.2_The Securitization of Subprime Mortgages Securitization is the financial practice of pooling together different types of assets and offer them as interest-bearing collateral for third-party investment. It first began in the 1970s in the US (Jobst, 2008). Lenders/originators often securitize mortgages into MBS bonds sold to investors. Payment of interest and principal on MBSs derive from the borrowers payments on the mortgages backing the bonds (Kirk, 2007, p.3). Securitized subprime mortgages (as MBSs) are distributed into portions of bonds so as the cash flow from the bonds may go well with certain investment necessities. Every portion is given a credit rating by rating agencies. By this credit improvement process, MBSs backed by subprime mortgages may get investment grade status in spite of the basic collateral is a poor quality. MBS bonds are paid in order of seniority, and more senior bond portions pay before lower portion. In case the cash flow received from the basic mortgages is not sufficient, then lower portions may not be paid. Taking into account, that the lower portions of the bonds have a high risk that they will not be paid, they obtain higher returns and profit. Higher risk means higher return. Furthermore, investment banks have securitized lower level portions of MBSs into collateralized debt obligations (CDOs). CDOs create portions for their bonds as well. Investment banks have been capable to get the highest credit rating for senior CDO portions despite the fact that they have MBS bonds ranked lower than the investment rating. In addition, MBSs and CDOs are hard to be rated because they are not sold or bought on dealing markets, this is why investors rate their MBS and CDO bonds according to how much they estimate these bonds are priced in the present-day market. Investors have to rerate their securities in case the defaulting level on paying back the interest and principal payment goes up and the liquidity goes down. This can result in cash or in collaterals via entities that borrowed money to the investors with the intention of investing in the MBSs or CDOs (Kirk, 2007). 2.2.3_Risks Associated with Subprime Mortgage Crisis There are four types of risks related to subprime mortgages and can cause a subprime crisis. The first risk is the credit risk; it is borne by the lending financial institutions and it represents the potential that the issuer of a debt security (in this case MBS) will not be able to meet its obligation to make periodic interest payments or repay principal to investors. In order to reduce the lenders credit risk, the lender may perform a credit check on the borrower or seek a third party guarantee. The second type of risk is the asset price risk; it is about the valuation of MBS, if it will be capable to overcome the credit risk or not. However, valuation of MBS is a personal perspective. It is resulted by computing the chances of subprime mortgage beside the presence of viable market into which these assets can be sold. Because the mortgage delinquency rates are rising, the MBS value began to decrease. Nevertheless, Banks and Institutional investors have recognized significant losses on adjustment of their securities downwards because of Mark to Market accounting. This is caused by asset price risk. Thirdly, there is the liquidity risk; it is on account of decliner of liquidity in market on account of the two risks previously mentioned. Many firms depend on access to short-term funding markets, such as commercial papers and repurchase market, in order to run their operations and make profits. Frequently, firms get short-term loans through issuing commercial paper by pledging MBS. Investors deliver cash in interchange for the commercial paper, receiving money-market interest rates. However, concerning the value of the MBS due to subprime crisis, the capability of many companies to issue such paper has been considerably impacted initiating liquidity risk. The last type of risks is the counterparty risk; it is on account of associated parties impacted by the brutal circle of subprime crisis. Investment banks support firms and governments increase money by issuing and selling securities in the capital markets, whether they are equity or debt, besides giving advices on transactions. Foremost Investment Banks and financial institutions have taken important positions in credit derivative (MBS) transactions. However, concerning the previously discussed risks, the financial health of investment banks has taken a southward position, possibly bringing a higher risk to their counterparties and creating additional uncertainty in the market (Chadda, 2008). 2.3_The Fluctuation of the Subprime Mortgage Market 2.3.1_Subprime Boom In the early years of this decade the residential and property prices went up, and securitization supplied more capital for mortgages, criteria level was deteriorated by lenders in order to issue more mortgages. Simultaneously, investors asked for higher returns on their investments and asked more for MBSs and CDOs backed by subprime mortgages. Between 1995 and 2005, subprime mortgages upraised from 5 to 20 percent of the mortgage market. In 1994, $35 billion were made in subprime mortgages, and by 2006, that number had risen to more than $600 billion. Moreover, between 2003 and 2006 AMP initiations were triplicated for residential mortgages. The most important cause for this boom seems to be the rise in the securitization of mortgages. Securitization supplied financiers with supplementary capital in order to issue extra mortgages, as well as a greater amount of AMPs, and to move the default risk to investors (Kirk, 2007). 2.3.2_The Deterioration of the Subprime Market It seems that the latest subprime mortgage crisis was due to a mixture of industry changing with both financial and economic aspects. In 2006, interest rates went up whereas the housing value fell. Some borrowers could not pay their obligations and were incapable to refinance or trade their houses in order to repay the mortgages. Additionally, in 2006 and 2007, borrowers faced payment chock because teaser rates went down and other higher inconstant rates came to be operative. Consequently, the rates of defaults on subprime and mortgages went up considerably in 2006 and 2007 as well as early payment defaults in 2006. Many lenders went bankrupt because they couldnt afford the repurchase of mortgages. This increasing in defaults has led rating agencies to reduce the rating level of MBSs and CDOs backed by subprime mortgages. Thus investors were at a loss and since the financial markets were insecure and unstable regarding the value of these securities and losses, the liquidity was affec ted. Several reporters expect that the losses would go above $100 billion (Kirk, 2007). 2.4_Countries at Risk The latest financial crisis had major effects on developing countries. Some types of countries are more expected to be at risk. The crisis has further effects on countries with important exports, whether direct exports or indirect, to other affected countries like the United States and European Union countries. Other countries are those exporting products that their prices are impacted or those with high income pliability; taking for example, Zambia would eventually be hit by lower copper prices, and the tourism sector in Caribbean and African countries will be hit (Velde, 2008, p.4). In addition to that, countries that depend on remittances are also affected. Countries depending greatly on FDI, portfolio and DFI finance to address their current account problems should be also mentioned besides the countries with sophisticated stock markets and banking segments with weakly regulated markets for securities. Besides, countries with a high current account deficit with pressures on excha nge rates and inflation rates (Velde, 2008, p. 4) are also included; South Africa cannot meet the expense of decreasing interest rates so it has to draw investments to address its current account deficit. And finally, countries those have high government deficits and countries that rely on aid (Velde, 2008). 2.4.1_List of Affected Countries According to the Publications Office of the European Union, in 2012, the countries affected by the subprime mortgage crisis are: Belgium, Bulgaria, The Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, The Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland, Sweden, The United Kingdom, Croatia, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Iceland, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey, The United States of America, Japan, China, EFTA, and the Russian Federation 2.4.2_Social and Economic Effects Even though the effects change from country to country, but there are common economic and social effects that can be generalized and applied for all affected countries. The economic Effects include a decrease in the returns from exports, more stresses on current accounts and payments balance, the rates of investments and GDP go down. While the social effects include an increase in poverty rates due to the decrease of the GDP, a larger number of committed crimes, a fragile health system and fewer opportunities to fulfill the Millennium Development Goals (Velde, 2008). 2.5_The Size and Length of the Contraction The variety of previous crises means that averaging them to get an approximation of the possible effects of the crisis could be ambiguous. But as a substitute of considering these variations a negative aspect, it should be considered as an opportunity. This could happen by using the variance through time in order to comprehend the elements of the length and cost of the contraction following crises by conditional models. The goal is to have a better comprehension of the length and relentlessness of the existing contraction. (Cecchetti, et al, 2009). 2.6_Lebanon Facing the Financial Crisis The MENA region was affected by the subprime mortgage crisis just like other developed countries. These effects took place on many networks and they included terms of trade, capital inflows, tight credit, economic slowdown, higher unemployment, lower hydro carbon prices, and the bursting of real estate and stock market bubble (Byblos Bank Group, 2011, p.1). The latest financial crisis created a major external risk of remittance inflows to Lebanon lately. These inflows were affected briefly and limited at the beginning of the crisis.in the MENA region, Lebanon was the solitary country which was affected positively by the crisis, the GDP showed a raise of 1.3%. In addition to that, despite the insecure state of the country, Lebanon could manage to positively relate the remittance inflows and the risks that the country faced because of the political issues. Throughout the crisis, GCC economic risks went up, and the remittances inflows went up as well. Late 2009, comparative to the GDP, Lebanon was biggest receiver of money transferred by foreign Lebanese workers. It was the center of remittances inflows (Byblos Bank Group, 2011).///////////////////////////////////// Lebanons economy has shown remarkable resilience to severe shocks, thanks to a credible monetary policy, a stable currency, prudent banking practices, including the separation between retail and investment banks, and sound public debt management declared the Central Bank Governor Riad Salameh (Salameh: Lebanon endured, 2012, p.2).////////////////////////// 2.7_Gaps in Literature After reviewing several studies, articles and reports regarding the subprime mortgage crisis and related subject as well, many information gaps were present and need to be filled. The main gap is the data gap; there are no enough researches that give accurate numbers and results. Better researches should be done on the credit default exchange markets. In addition, the data on financial institutions activities were weak. The number of countries that reports their data was not fully complete; data on some countries (related to the topic) were missing or weak (IMF Staff and the FSB Secretariat , 2009).