Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Confucianism And Its Impact On Society - 908 Words

Confucianism Confucius was born in an impoverished family. Throughout his childhood he was very eager to learn so his mother fostered that. He had several small positions in government in his home state, Lu. He was the first ever teacher/educationalist in the history of China. His teachings found in the Analects, discusses ethical modules family, politics, economy, and more. In his teachings he promotes humanness (ren), ritual propriety (li), and the developing of exemplary persons (Junzi). (Li pg. 87) Confucius thrived on the idea of self-cultivation towards becoming more fully human. He expressed this as being a long process that will take time and develop as one ages. This can be found in the Analect 2.4. He is describing the journey to self-cultivation as a long one as he is still going through that path at the age of sixty. Going towards to become fully human can be described as being attaining â€Å"ren†. Ren can be describes as humanness, regardless of one’s social status. In order to attain humanness/ren one must be fully devoted (Analect 1.2) â€Å"Exemplary persons devote themselves to the root†¦The root of genuine-humanity (ren)?† This stems from oneself. In order to attain ren the â€Å"Practicing of self-restraint and returning repeatedly to ritual propriety is the way to become ren.† (Analect 12.1) Confucius believed that li was sort of a â€Å"blue print† for ethics, mortality, and social order. And this was the key way to achi eving ren. In terms of governing by means of li is theShow MoreRelatedPhilosophy Of Mencius And Xunzi1111 Words   |  5 Pages Confucianism is unique in the fact that unlike other religions, it doesn’t have a divine ruler that is worshiped by its followers. Instead, followers of Confucianism adhere to the ideas and values spread in the teachings of Confucius, a philosopher. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese Thought (Reigel, para. 1). Other than that, however, not much is known for certain about the life of ConfuciusRead MoreExamples Of Legalism During The ChIn Dynasty And Confucianism1538 Words   |  7 Pagesdaily lives of it’s people. Chinese philosophies held many important beliefs that both positively and negatively impacted the daily lives of China’s people. Two examples of these philosophies and their impact on the people of China’s da ily lives are Legalism during the Ch’in dynasty, and Confucianism during the Han Dynasty. Legalism during the Ch’in Dynasty had many important beliefs. To the Ch’in, Legalism was the right way of life. The only way of life. Legalism was a philosophy that was createdRead MoreEssay on The Culture and History of China1656 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophy. Not only have each one of Chinas historical and contemporary leaders had an impact on China as a nation, but many of their ideas have flourished throughout literature which has allowed other countries around the world to attain those ideas and learn from them. One of China’s great leaders whose ideas, theories and philosophical ponderings have had a great impact on Chinas ancient and modern day societies is Master Confucius. Confucius has inspired the literature of modern and ancient ChinaRead MoreBuddhism in Ancient Korea: The Impact1586 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen the reason for big changes in development in many cultures for many centuries. As religions grow within a society, inventions and social communication changes but these religions can take over the political power holding the society. The main religions introduced during Korea’s past are Shamanism, Daoism, and Confucianism, and Buddhism. Buddhism is the religion that changed the society of Korea the most in the ancient times. As Buddhism spread in Korea, great inventions were made, the power holdRead MoreThe Founding Of Choson From The Korean Peninsula1400 Words   |  6 Pagesmilitary, society, and religion had all changed especially the religion. The founding of Choson can be interpreted as a religious revolution because reform-minded Confucian scholars wanted to a change. In Late Koryo, Buddhism had corrupted so much that even one of their own members wrote to fix a decadence in their religion. Confucians scholars blamed the Buddhists’ mismanagement to justify their action of building a new dynasty . The shift of a state from Buddhism to Neo-Confucianism with theRead MoreThe Impact Confucius, Gandhi, and Western Ideas had on China, Japan, and India1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact Confucius, Gandhi, and Western Ideas had on China, Japan, and India ‘The future depends on what you do today’(Gandhi). In Japan, China, and India each country was faced with similar opportunities, and chose a different path that has impacted their future, setting them aside from one another. When Western countries came into China, India, and Japan, each country reacted differently to the Western ideas that these foreigners brought which would then change the culture. Japan and ChinaRead MoreSocial Philosophy Of Confucianism1398 Words   |  6 PagesConfucianism was founded by the philosopher Confucius who was born in 551 in the Lu state of China (Biography.com Editors 2017). Confucius’s teachings focused on creating ethical models of family and public interactions and setting educational standards (Biography.com Editors 2017). Confucius died in 479 B.C., but Confucianism became the official imperial philosophy of China and its influence was significant during the Han, Tang and Song Dynasties (Biography.com Editors 2017). Confucius’s philosophyRead MoreThe Three Philosophies Of China1097 Words   |  5 PagesEssay Mrs. Johnson Tue, Jan 31st Religion organizes society; it controls our daily life and can be the breaking or making point of a society. The three Philosophies of China consist of Legalism, Daoism, and Confucianism, but only one Philosophy surpasses all others, Confucianism. Legalism is one of the strictest ways of ruling. Han Fei Zi founded legalism; he believed that there was only one way to obtain order in a society; this was through learning from your mistakes. Although the punishmentsRead MoreThe Impact of Confucius on the Development of Chinese Thought and Culture1528 Words   |  7 PagesThe impact Confucius had on the development of Chinese thought and culture Confucianism has been a part of Chinese culture for over a thousand years. Many who have studied Confucianism would say that it is not a religion. It is better described as a philosophy or moral code. The philosophy of Confucianism comes mainly from the speeches and writings of Confucius, a great Chinese thinker and educator. He believed that Humanity, Rite, Neutrality, Virtue, Education, and Cultivation were the basisRead MoreVirtues Of Filial Piety And Loyalty859 Words   |  4 PagesOther important virtues include Filial Piety (Ã¥ ­  Xiao) and Loyalty (Ã¥ ¿   Zhong). Filial Piety is one of the most important virtues in the discussion of rituals in Confucianism. For example, Ancestor worship is a huge part of the Confucianism practices and rituals. Confucius did acknowledge the existence of spirit and the traditional belief about ghost. Therefore, he believed that people should be respectful to their parents even after their death and that worshiping ancestors is manifesting the virtue

Sunday, December 22, 2019

The Many Factors That Religion - 868 Words

When it comes to Thomas and Jane Weir, there are many factors that religion has to do with their lives. Both of them are supposed radical religious people as well as pretenders. Around the time of the Restoration of King Charles II in 1660, Thomas Weir was thought to hold intense radical beliefs in the Presbyterian religion and met to worship with many members of a Presbyterian group and he was seen as a devoutly religious man. â€Å"And last of all for aggravation of his fault and to make it without a parallel, the Dittay bears he was conscious to himself of these abominations, yet he had the confidence or rather impudence to pretend to fear God in an eminent way.† Trials within the early modern Scotland tend to rely on religion as one of the stepping stones to furthering the witch hunts. Religious members in Scotland tend to be in charge of the main courts for trials. The Weirs’ have two sides when it comes to religion within their trial. On one side of the spectrum, there is the need for religion in Thomas’ life. â€Å"Many resorted to his house to join with him and hear him pray†¦leaning upon it, which made those who heard him pray admire his flood in prayer, his ready extemporary expression, his heavenly gesture; so that he was thought more angel than man†¦ordinarily Angelical Thomas.† On the other hand, later in their trial before the execution, both Jane and Thomas repented God and did not believe that there was anything to do with God in the afterlife. Thomas believed that GodShow MoreRelatedDoes Religion Cause Wars?1258 Words   |  6 PagesThere is a conventional belief among many individuals that religion is the main cause of the present and past wars inflicting torment within the world. However, many humans fail to see past that belief; they are unable to understand that religion is just a small factor amongst the many contributing to the cause of wars. In fact, religion is merely a tool and an excuse used to hide the need for power and sins of the human nature. Among these factors, it may be the misinterpretation of religious teachingsRead MoreEconomics vs Religion American Colonies1043 Words   |  5 PagesEconomics over Religion Throughout history there have been two leading factors that lead a colony to success. These two factors are religion and economics or money. Which factor is more important? In my opinion, economics is more important because the colonists had many issues getting necessities, and if they had enough money for all that, their problems would all basically be gone. Economic stability and the success of the mercantile system made the establishment of the colonies in North AmericaRead MoreWhy Is Personal Meaning So Important For Individuals? How Can Religion Help One Find A Sense Of Meaning853 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant to individuals? How can Religion help one find a sense of meaning? Personal meaning is so important to individuals because it is what makes them unique as a person. Everyone has their own meaning when it comes to religion, personal life and personal success and achievements. People find their own meaning is different aspects throughout their lifetime. For many people, religion continues to well serve as a provider of meaning. There are four criteria in which religion is uniquely capable of providingRead MoreReligion : Religion And Religion935 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussing the overall religion of what is typically traditional to be called religion. Religion which is commonly known as the belief in the supernatural naturally produces a influence of the making of society throughout what is known as history. Commonly as we know it from day to day many people of different cultures, races are largely structured by religion. Religion affects more than culture it effects law and politics as well as education and behavioral norms. Religion started during the secularRead MoreWhy Is Personal Meaning So Important For Individuals? How Can Religion Help One Find A Sense Of Meaning850 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant to individuals? How can Religion help one find a sense of meaning? Personal meaning is very important because it gives the individual the choice to explore what gives meaning to them. What gives meaning and fulfillment to one individual not necessarily does the same for a different individual. For instance, many find the meaning of life through their religion while atheist find fulfillment in other things different than religion. For many, religion continues to well serve as a providerRead MoreThe Common Themes Of Environmental Effects On Religion1565 Words   |  7 Pageshistory of many civilizations, certain characteristics have presented themselves and many of which have been recognized as a commonality in several societies. These frequently seen patterns in history provide important insights to the functions and behaviors of ancient civilizations. There are many commonalities that are existent in many civilizations, but three clearly emerge, as they are fundamental to many societies’ cultures. The common themes of environmental effects on religion, combinationRead MoreEssay Webers Approach to Religion and Sociology1706 Words   |  7 PagesWebers Approach to Religion and Sociology Webers general approach to sociology is known as verstehen sociology; that human action is directed by meaning and that action can only be understood by appreciating the world-view of the social actor concerned. Since religion is an important component of the social actors world-view, religious beliefs can direct social actionRead MoreA Study of Religion Converts among Muslim Malaysian1298 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: A study of religion converts among Muslim Malaysian. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, the issue of apostate again had given attention by the mass media, recently. Due to the fact, apostasy among Muslims in the country has reached a critical level. The number of people born Malay-Muslims who seek to change the original name and the new converts who do not practice the Islamic way of life or want to return to the religion are increasing year by year. According to Perak Mufti Tan Sri Harussani ZakariaRead MoreMarriage, Family, And Religion1687 Words   |  7 Pages Marriage, Family, and Religion Omar De La Garza Texas AM International University Abstract The institutions of marriage and family are fundamental concepts to the functioning of our present day society. In this paper, marriage and family and their changes over time will be discussed. Topics such as religion, which plays an important role is the development and changes of ideas regarding these two topics will be approached as well as the social changes due to tradition and theRead MoreAncient Mesopotamia And Egypt Different1029 Words   |  5 Pagesfascinating societies took place in Mesopotamia and Egypt in ancient times. Many factors contributed to the similarities and the differences that occurred between the two; including geography, religion, and social structures. A glance at the these factors will give us a better understanding of a couple of the first societies or civilizations that occurred before people today. In order to understand a society, with the religion that it follows and the social structures that are set, we need to understand

Saturday, December 14, 2019

In a Perfect World. Free Essays

In a perfect world. You’re unhappy. Chances are if you’re reading this you’re unhappy about something. We will write a custom essay sample on In a Perfect World. or any similar topic only for you Order Now That’s just how the world is today. People seem to always be upset about something even if it’s small your life has some conflict in it, or so it seems. Everyone you meet has some â€Å"Skelton in their closet. † People today seem to forget to stop and smell the roses. Sometimes its uncontrollable things like depression and psychological problems they can’t control and is that really fair? In a perfect world everyone would be mentally stable and equal. Get the help they need. Be grateful for this truly magical thing we call life. The beautiful mystery of why and how we were created. What caused the blood to pulse through our veins the breath to move in and out of our lungs and how we can control ourselves and think in a way more superior to all other species known? The thing is people have took this advantage and used in a way not intended to be used. There is so much evil in the world today. The world has turned into something that induces fear in the pit of my heart and soul. Murder is now common, and rape is an everyday occurrence, people die every second and that could be my family or friends, depression is at an all time high, divorce is more common than not, and kids are having their own kids! The image of the perfect world is so blurry to me and I think the reason that is there’s nothing wrong with this world! The problem lies within the people who inhabit it! Our creator made this beautiful and man who sins modified it. Like a beautiful painting then man came and wrecked it scribbling and deteriorating the innate beauty. In a perfect world people would be nice to others; everyone would be kind to the world. In our world today so many people are born with disabilities that disable them a fair chance, having these disabilities present sometime helps people better off to appreciate life, sometimes they are a message and sometimes they are present for an unknown reason. Although in the big picture is that fair to THEM? These people are human beings too! We all only get one chance, you only live once. So is it fair their only chance at life is crippled by their disabilities by no fault of their own? In a perfect world the complications of this conflict would cease to exist. People today have strong beliefs about anything and everything, for example people of the Westboro Baptist church picket fallen soldiers graves! If they are members of a Christian community though they should listen to the bible and realize that is not the way the bible states something in James 4: 11-12 that I think is something to be taken to heart. â€Å"Do not speak evil against one another, brothers. The one who speaks against a brother or judges his brother, speaks evil against the law and judges the law. But if you judge the law, you are not a doer of the law but a judge. There is only one lawgiver and judge, He who is able to save and to destroy. But who are you to judge your neighbor? † In a perfect world everyone could be who they are and not be judged or bullied. You see what I believe and what I’ve tried to show you in this report is this world is perfect, the thing that makes the world imperfect is how everyone behaves and the only way we can make it better is by bettering ourselves! So don’t judge, be nice, and just try and be your best. How to cite In a Perfect World., Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Psychology of Interpersonal Communication

Question: Discuss about thePsychology of Interpersonal Communication. Answer: Introduction Interpersonal communication is a process of communication and interaction with people with exchange of information and thoughts. Interpersonal communication could be verbal as well as non-verbal. The process of interpersonal communication could be made effective by the incorporation of theories such as impression formation theory, predictive outcome value theory, and intercultural communication theory. Intercultural Communication Theory I have chosen intercultural communication as a way of improving interpersonal communication and perception. Intercultural communication is referred to as interpersonal communication across the people belonging to various cultural and social groups (Neuliep, 2014). While I engage in interpersonal communication, I ensure that the interpersonal communication theory is properly abided by. The intercultural communication theory ensures that while communication is continued, the culture and ethnicity of the person with whom the communication is taking place is maintained. I need to keep in mind the cultural differences while interpersonal communication. People belonging to a different culture might have a different perception about a particular topic. Clarity in communication has to be maintained by me while interpersonal communication is done. The customs that are followed by people of different culture has to be respected by me. The customs that I follow should also be clearly conveyed t o the person with whom I communicate, in order to avoid miscommunication and misinterpretation. Miscommunication Due to Intercultural Communication Intercultural communication might give rise to miscommunication. The miscommunication that I have faced while intercultural interpersonal communication are as follows: Assumptions of similarities: I often have the perception that there are certain similarities in behaviour and customs even with intercultural differences. However, this assumption made by me is incorrect and hence gives rise to misinterpretations. Differences in language: The language difference is also an issue in intercultural communication. The spoken language as well as the tone of communication is different in various cultures. This difference in language and tone has to be identified by me, and ensure that I do not engage in misunderstandings, due to the difference in language (Wood, 2015). In my opinion, I feel that intercultural communication is effectively maintained in interpersonal communication with the understanding of various cultures and cultural differences as well as with tolerance for each others culture. Intercultural communication is important as I got to know the culture of various people, along with developing tolerance and respect for people with different customs, food habit, ethnicity, culture, religion and even nationality. References Neuliep, J. W. (2014).Intercultural communication: A contextual approach. Sage Publications. Wood, J. T. (2015).Interpersonal communication: Everyday encounters. Nelson Education

Friday, November 29, 2019

Speckled Band Essay Example

Speckled Band Paper Holmes is very different to Dr Roylott as Holmes approaches life with an intellectual view, although he is logical; Holmes is just as strong as Roylott even though he is not quite so bulky. With a sudden effort straightened it pout again (page 8). This quote states Holmess physical appearance but also states his strength. The author uses Watson to emphasize Holmess qualities. He does this by comparing the two, A ventilator is made, a cord is hung, and a lady who sleeps I the bed dies. Does that not strike you? (Page 12). This emphasizes that Holmes is a more observant detective than Watson and due to him being more superior, he is put in direct contrast to the enemy, Dr Roylott. In order to compare the two, they must have different personalities. Sherlock Holmes is calm, Dr Roylott is aggressive. Its rational versus irrational behaviour, manners versus rudeness, although they have the same physical strengths. I think the author wanted us, the reader to think that Holmes enjoys challenges, such as Dr Roylott, however, he has nothing to prove. The structure of The Adventure of The Speckled Band is that of a typical detective format in the Victorian era. It is a mystery story in which a crime needs solving as someone is in need of help, in order to prevent a death. This mystery story has been structured in a clever way as it gives out a series of clues, My sister was troubled by the smell of strong Indian cigars and also a series of red herrings which are designed to throw the reader off and so want to solve the crime themselves and read on, for example, the cheetah, the baboon, and the gypsies are all used to play on the readers prejudice. We will write a custom essay sample on Speckled Band specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Speckled Band specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Speckled Band specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The gypsies do this in a way which the reader thinks they are just trouble as they are thought to steal and attack people. They do this in the same way the cheetah does as they have been branded as vicious, so one can say that they are a stereotype. Because of these clues given out, we get ideas of what really happened to Julia Stoner, and so we follow the clues and try and play detective. We are unable to solve the mystery as Holmes keeps one secret to himself and only releases it at the end, An inspection of the chair showed me that he had been in the habit of standing on it, (page 16).  This makes |Holmes look superior to the reader as he observes a clue that both Watson and the reader are unable to come across. This is a major surprise to the reader as the writer makes sure to hide this very crucial clue to make us, the reader, read on. In a way, this makes the reader feel betrayed by Holmes and the writer as we thought we could trust them. In various parts of the story there are a series of increase in suspense followed by a straight decrease. An example of this is when Holmes and Watson are climbing through the window of Stoke Moran when, what is described to be a hideous and distorted child (page 13) runs out of a bush. At that point I felt tense as I had no idea of the so called child was going to attack, in which case it never and so when I read on to find out that it runs off, releases the tension and a whole lot of suspense.  Although The Whole Towns Sleeping has its differences to The Adventure of The Speckled Band it has many similarities, such as they are both set in places far away from help. A less obvious similarity is the way the two stories use women as victims and potential victims and men as aggressors, which follows the Victorian era. A narrator is a character in which tells and guides the reader through the story.  In The Adventure of The Speckled Band the narrator is Watson. Watson is a first person narrator who, accounts of a case, which happened years before. He is very professional as he keeps a diary of all the cases he and Holmes have come across in the past.  The language used in this story, tells us, the reader, that it is set in the Victorian era, as there are words which are not really used today, for example aperture (page 7). The language is very formal. Due to this, the reader starts to come off the story. Palmer and Pritchard were among the heads of their profession (Page 13). This confuses the reader, as we dont know what they mean. In a way this is a good thing as the reader reads on to find out the meaning and understand what they are trying to say. Conan Doyle used words that the modern reader will be unlikely to come across as they are rarely used in todays society. For instance, Pittance (page 8). I think Conan Doyle did this to point out that the story is that of a Victorian era and also to reflect upon the class and education of him and the characters, as they are all of the upper class community.  The story lacks description and rarely if ever gets an n in-depth to the characters thoughts and feelings. I think the story is in deficient need of emotion as Conan Doyle chose to take a scientific approach. A cause of this is, it makes us, the reader feel less tension and suspense. Suddenly amidst the hubbub of the gale, there burst forth the wild scream of a terrified woman (page 4). This ruins the atmosphere for the reader as the more the author uses Victorian words; the more the atmosphere fades from the readers mind. I think Conan Doyle used Victorian words such as aperture (page 7) instead of doorframe because he wanted us, the reader, to admire him for him being well educated which he used to reflect upon his own superior ego. The narration and language of these two stories are completely different as the story of The Whole Towns Sleeping is far more successful at creating mystery and suspense than that of The Adventure of the Speckled Band.  The Whole Towns Sleeping is third person narrative and the narrator is omniscient, which means they know all and see all. By using this kind of narration, it brings the reader into the story as the way things are described, its as though we, the reader, are actually smelling, tasting, hearing, seeing and feeling everything that the narrator is. For example, I didnt know what terror was, I wouldnt let myself think, (page 9). This makes the reader believe they are Lavinia. Ray Bradbury used a personification technique which made Lavinia Nebbs feel as though she is evil just like the Lonely One. The heat pulsed under your dress and along your legs with a stealthy sense of invasion (page 7). This made the reader feel as though Lavinia has just turned a victim of the lonely one as the heat has just invaded her; in the same way the Lonely One invades his victims. Another technique used by Ray Bradbury was the use of repetition, which he used to describe two things, the ravine and the sense of safe. He repeats the description of the ravine to be dark, quiet and damp ahead was deepness, moistness, fireflies and dark (page 1). I think he repeats this to make ravine sound forbidding and a popular place for the Lonely One to visit, as thats where the murdered body of Elisa Ramsell was found. In contrast to this, Ray Bradbury repeats the word safe to give a feeling of relief, which decreases the readers anxiety. Safe, safe, and safe at home! (Page 9). Although the readers anxiety is decreased, the author creates points of panic to raise the level of anxiety. He does this by shortening sentences and using very descriptive words. At the bottom of the steps. A man, under the light! No, now hes gone! (Page 8). This states what exactly is waiting for Lavinia at the bottom of the ravine, however, it doesnt state whom it is waiting. This builds tension, as neither Lavinina nor the reader knows who the man is. He could be the Lonely One on the break of his monthly sin or maybe a passer by.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Free Essays on French And Industrial Revolution

During the 18th and 19th centures two major revolutions created great changes in not only Europe but throughout the whole world. Through these revolutions the societies, politics, economic and cultures were greatly changes. These two revolution happened for two very differnt reasons. The French revolution occured because the French people were tired of thier oppresed situation. They were tired of being poor, hungry, and living in squalor. In contrast to this the Industrial revolution happened as an offset to the scientific revolution. They were set on the idea of humans conqouring nature, so they set out to do so with the use of machinery. The French revolution sought to overthrow the idea of the Three Estates. The The Estates was the way the French broke up their governmental system in the 18th century. The first Estate consisted of the clergy, the second of the nobility, adn the third of the commoners. The commoners largely dominated the French population. At this time the Frech monarchy was experiencing many problems with their system. There was economic stresses, bad harvests, food shortages, high unemployment, and rising prices. This casued a delemia and caused the National Assembly to meet at Versaills on May 5 1789. Here the Three Estates met with their representavies. The Third Estate, being the largest, had twice as many representives as the First or the Second Estates. This caused some arguments in whcih the Third Estates wanted to vote according to people, which the First and the Second didn't. The Third Estate was later locked from the National Assembly because of their dislike of the current governmental system. The Third Estate revolted and the commoners banded together, overthrowing the monarchy. One of the most famoues scenes is of the storming of the Bastile. Though the Bastitle only had seven prisons at the time it marked an important turning point in the French Revolution. In September 1792 t... Free Essays on French And Industrial Revolution Free Essays on French And Industrial Revolution During the 18th and 19th centures two major revolutions created great changes in not only Europe but throughout the whole world. Through these revolutions the societies, politics, economic and cultures were greatly changes. These two revolution happened for two very differnt reasons. The French revolution occured because the French people were tired of thier oppresed situation. They were tired of being poor, hungry, and living in squalor. In contrast to this the Industrial revolution happened as an offset to the scientific revolution. They were set on the idea of humans conqouring nature, so they set out to do so with the use of machinery. The French revolution sought to overthrow the idea of the Three Estates. The The Estates was the way the French broke up their governmental system in the 18th century. The first Estate consisted of the clergy, the second of the nobility, adn the third of the commoners. The commoners largely dominated the French population. At this time the Frech monarchy was experiencing many problems with their system. There was economic stresses, bad harvests, food shortages, high unemployment, and rising prices. This casued a delemia and caused the National Assembly to meet at Versaills on May 5 1789. Here the Three Estates met with their representavies. The Third Estate, being the largest, had twice as many representives as the First or the Second Estates. This caused some arguments in whcih the Third Estates wanted to vote according to people, which the First and the Second didn't. The Third Estate was later locked from the National Assembly because of their dislike of the current governmental system. The Third Estate revolted and the commoners banded together, overthrowing the monarchy. One of the most famoues scenes is of the storming of the Bastile. Though the Bastitle only had seven prisons at the time it marked an important turning point in the French Revolution. In September 1792 t...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The Children's Classics of EB White Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Children's Classics of EB White - Essay Example Two of these books have since been made into major film events in addition to winning numerous awards and are considered to be staples of a child’s library. E.B. White’s children’s books, Charlotte’s Web, Stuart Little and The Trumpet of the Swan all reflect the concepts of true friendship and love’s power to overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles. Stuart Little was the first of these books that he wrote. White said the idea for the book came to him while he was riding on a train. â€Å"During the night I dreamed about a tiny boy who acted rather like a mouse. That’s how the story of Stuart Little got started† (White, 1985). White’s Stuart Little was born â€Å"not much bigger than a mouse. The truth of the matter was the baby looked very much like a mouse in every way† (1), including tail, whiskers and the ability to walk soon after his birth. With a â€Å"pleasant, fine manner† (2), Stuart helps his family around the house doing little things that they can’t do, such as climbing down the bathtub drain after his mother’s wedding ring and retrieving ping pong balls when necessary. He is treated in every way as if he were any other normal little boy, being treated by the doctor, wearing clothes, talking with his family and ‘playing’ with the family pet, Snowbell. How ever, because of his small size, he often has adventures that other children would not normally experience. Examples of these adventures include getting stuck in a blind for half the day because he was doing gymnastics on the cord or being thrown onto a garbage scow when he was hiding from a dog that wanted to eat him. Thanks to his friend Margalo the bird, though, he is able to escape the garbage scow and undertakes a journey to the north in pursuit of her when she leaves in the spring. His confident manner despite his size make him inspirational to many while his dedication and interdependence with his friends highlight the true

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Managing Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Managing Diversity - Research Paper Example Over the years, diversity management has emerged as an essential tool of the management to match the modern business environment where everything is changing. Change is essential to allow matching of present organizational resources to meet unlimited and changing needs through diversification of the various business strategies. Diversity calls for the reorganization of the organizational structures and other components that have an impact on the performance of an organization. Corporate executives seeking to regain a competitive edge need to do more than improve efficiency and tighten control by executing a fundamental change to transform systems firmly along with established inhibitive cultures. The internal, external and organizational components influence the organizational diversity and performance outcome within an organization. Critical Analysis The managers should lead the way for the establishment of improved business practices through interaction with peers in other countrie s. Such managers should establish elaborate audit mechanisms and accounting to enhance professionalism, as well as transparency. Managing an organization that has a workforce from diverse cultures is not easy. ... The idea of behind teamwork and motivation in the company is to increase employee and customer satisfaction while lowering costs. They execute the principle of teamwork by encouraging management team and employees to pool resources across all departments, and with end users and suppliers, to identify areas that need improvement. The control process should take into consideration factors such as code of ethics, standards, and statements of good corporate governance in their business operations and regulations (Bell, 2012). At present, the management team in an organization should be aware that both internal and external environments of the organizations are subject to change at any point of time, and hence the need for strategic management. It is important to have flexible legal provisions have removed hurdles in the regulation of businesses as well as the improvement of business standards. The legal and political frameworks have tried to help in managing business risks through harmon ization of existing regulations. It is important for international business operators have a broad understanding of culture, management styles, and cultural orientations in the country of operation. A manager working in a firm that has employees from diverse cultures should develop prerequisite attributes that will help in meeting business objectives. These qualities include; quality control, interpersonal skills, communication skills, organizational skills among others (Von Bergen, Soper, & Parnell, 2005). Quality control involves measuring the variations of actual performance from the regular performance, identifies the causes of such deviations, and recommends appropriate measures (Lauring &

Monday, November 18, 2019

Assignment 3-2 P Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

3-2 P - Assignment Example I decided to go to Qatar, which is my hometown, during the summer to spend my whole vacation there and to celebrate the holy month of Ramadan as well. The problem is, my wife thinks that it is a waste to spend thousands of dollars for tickets just to go there. However, for me, it is worth every penny that I will spend to go to Qatar. My plan was to go to Qatar in the summer. This will be the first time that I will spend Ramadan with my family after my marriage. I thought that it would be an excellent chance for my kids to know more about Ramadan, how it is celebrated, and what people in Qatar do during Ramadan. Another thing that I thought of was our grandparents. I really wanted to spend it with my family especially since it wasn’t a sure fact that our grandparents will be around to celebrate the next Ramadan. My wife is right in saying that spending much money to buy tickets to go to Qatar and celebrate Ramadan with my family is not necessary. She says that every dollar we spend on the tickets is a dollar less on what we have saved for our kids’ education and our future house. She is right in pointing out that spending all that money will definitely alter our plans of enrolling our sons in a private school. My wife is correct, when she said that there are different ways of teaching our kids about Ramadan, such as bringing them to the Masjeds we have in Columbus and by teaching them concepts about Ramadan at home. Both of us are right. I am right in saying that I want to celebrate this special month of the year with my family and relatives in my hometown, Qatar. I am right because I want to teach and show my kids how people celebrate and act on this holy month of the year and to show them how people wait and prepare for it every year. However, my wife is also right in stating that we don’t need to spend extravagantly on tickets just to celebrate Ramadan with our

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Environmental Problems In The Superstructure Construction Construction Essay

Environmental Problems In The Superstructure Construction Construction Essay To identify the environmental problems in the superstructure construction, we need to recognize the environmental aspect of this site. So that identifies the environmental impact or problems. According to the ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management system, it lists out several environmental aspects a) emissions to air, b) releases to water, c) releases to land, d) use of raw materials and natural resources, e) use of energy, f) energy emitted, e.g. heat, radiation, vibration, g) waste and by-products, and h) physical attributes, e.g. size, shape, colour, appearance. Environmental aspect and impact Emissions to air During construction, all the material e.g. ready mixed concrete truck will deliver to the site by trucks or other vehicles, any transportation method to the site will require fuel to run. Thus they will release some pollutant to the air like CO, CO2, NO, NO2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Impact Global warming will become more obviously. Although CO2 can maintain the temperature in the earth, excessive CO2 emission will cause green house effect. If the temperature continuous rise, it will become a big disaster for example the mean sea level will increase and the land will drown due to the ice in polar is melted. On the other hand, some of the pollutant will affect the health of human for example NO2 can irritate the lungs and lower resistance to respiratory infection such as influenza. Releases to water Due to the statutory requirement in Hong Kong, the exit of the site must install a wheel washing system to avoid any dust or pollutants bring to outside environment by vehicles. This kind of system will consume so much water and the water will be soil water. Any discharging of waste water will cause pollution. Impact If the waste water is directly discharged to the soil without any treatment, the toxic chemical inside the water will affect the existing plants or tree. The soil will store the toxic contaminant even passing many years. Also, the waste water will create a bad smell to environment. They may not damage the human health, but the bad smell will affect the working condition for worker. Releases to land The site area will divide to several parts for storage area. However this kind of material may be highly corrosion to the existing land for example cement is acidic and the soil is alkali. When cement is leakage to the soil, the soil original property will change and harmful the existing tree and plants. Impact The soil contamination will happen; the soil will become harmful to the existing tree and plant. This effect will not disappear in a short time; it is a long term effect. Use of raw materials and natural resources Timber is one kind of natural resources. It made by tree e.g. hard wood, soft wood. In building construction, timber is playing a very important role of construction material. The most commonly type is timber formwork. Before discharging the fresh concrete, timber formwork will form the fresh concrete to required shape. However the timber formwork cannot use many times because the fresh concrete will corrode the timber formwork. Impact The tree needs to take long time to grow, so timber will not provide without limit. In addition, there are many other products made by timber like furniture, paperà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ If the timber is over used and the timber becomes less production, it will very inconvenient for human life. Moreover the tree have a function to absorb the CO2, so when more and more tree disappear, the situation of global warning will get worse. Also the root of the tree can hold tightly to the soil, when the tree is cut, more chance to happen landslide in sloping area. Use of energy and f) energy emitted All the equipments will require electricity to operate in the site for example some hand tools use by worker, lighting system, passenger hoist and material hoist. On the other hand the machine will consume fuel to operate during excavation or transportation. During piling work on the site, the piling process will create big noise and vibration to the environment. Nevertheless, other construction process will also generate big impaction to environment. Impact Since the electricity is come from the fossil fuel by generator, the fossil fuel will create lot of containments like CO2 when burn them. As the above mention, CO2 will lead to green house effect and global warming will appear. Huge vibration will easily get settlement in adjacent buildings. Also the noise will annoy people and become noise pollution. Waste and by-products and h) physical attributes, They are almost same as the above mention. Reference Safety plan What is a safety plan? Safety plan is a document to direct the safety activity for a project. The main idea of the safety plan is to minimize the accident which causes worker injury and any hazard of their health. It will include the following things 1.Safety Policy, 2.Safety Organization, 3.Safety Training, 4.In-house Safety rules regulations, 5.Safety Committee, 6.Programme for inspection of hazardous conditions, 7.Job hazard analyze, 8.Person Protection Programme (PPP), 9.Accident/incident investigation, 10.Emergency preparedness, 11.Safety Promotion, 12.Health Assurance Programme, 13.Evaluation selection and control of subcontractor, 14.Process control programme Safety Policy We need to follow the statutory requirements Factory Industrial Undertakings Ordinance and Regulations Dangerous Goods Ordinance and Regulations Electricity Ordinance Fire Services Ordinance Builders Lifts and Tower Working Platforms (Safety) Ordinance Any related ordinances and regulations Safety Organization The following safety responsibilities should be clearly assigned: Monitoring the implementation and compliance of the Site Safety Plan Arrangement for regular reporting and communication Preparation of method statement, hazard identification survey, risk assessment and establishment of risk control system and monitoring its effectiveness and progress Training and promotion communicating with the enforcement agencies and outside advisory sources Reactive action to staff suggestion Subcontractors First-aid officer, competent persons and examiners 3. Safety Training To ensure the worker can use the machine properly to speed up the construction sequence and avoid the accident happening. The project should provide the following training like: Aerial Lift Operator Training Crane Operator Training Defensive Driver Training Powered Industrial Truck Operator Training Before the work start, it should have a site orientation or induction of training. The orientations provide a forum for the owner/managing contractor to convey its commitment to provide a safe working environment for all individuals on the job site. There also is an opportunity to remind everyone of their responsibility to give due consideration to safety while planning and conducting their work. This is the time to reinforce their responsibility not to expose others on the job site to risks or hazards. 4. In-house Safety rules regulations The entire worker in the site must wear the safety helmet and when the worker needs to wear the safety rope before they require working in height. The worker should wear the air-purifying respirators like mask to avoid any harmful contaminants inhale to worker body. Before the worker start to work, they must have suitable certificate with the corresponded safety training course. So the worker can prove they have required ability to work. Confined Space Certified Worker Safety Training Course Forklift Truck Operator License Examination Course Safety Training Course for Electric Arc Welding Manual Lifting and Handling Competent Person Safety Training Course Electrician License A Trade Test Preparation Course Electrician License B Trade Test Preparation Course Safety Committee Establish regularly coordinating meeting and site safety committee arrangement. Programme for inspection of hazardous conditions Regular inspection on the site the time interval is based on the past performance and hazard profile. Establish the inspection profile like compliance and safety walk and responsible personnel (including site senior management, safety officers and safety supervisors) Using the checklist to ensure they are fulfilled the standard. Job hazard analyze There are many hazards on the site like: Fall from height Falling objects Stepping on or striking against object Hazards associated with operation of machinery, transport and earth moving equipment such as concrete mixing plants, trucks, bulldozers, excavators etc. Hazards associated with lifting of materials, both mechanical and manual. Electrical hazards Fire hazards Chemical hazards Collapse of earth during excavation, slope cutting After we identify the corresponding the risk of the hazard, we can arrange the suitable solution to minimize the accident. Person Protection Programme (PPP) We must ensure that the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is the last resort after exhausting the hazard control. The PPE includes Safety helmet, safety footwear, UV protection (e.g. long sleeve shirts, wide brim hats, 15+ sunscreen) and eye, hearing and respiratory protection The selection and procurement must choose appropriate PPE with the qualification. We should provide suitable training to the worker to show how to use, storage and maintenance of the PPE. For example, we need to provide the safety helmets cabinet to store them. Accident/incident investigation Establish a system of notification, recording and reporting. We should provide some systematic arrangement for investigation and implementation of remedial measures to curb further recurrence. Structured approach for compiling and analyzing accident Statistics. Arrangement for studying the trends of accidents and formulate strategies for enhancement of performance. Emergency preparedness For small fire accident, it should provide the suitable fire-extinguisher e.g. water CO2, foamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to stamp out the fire. For large fire accident, all the construction work must stop and follow the emergency routes to escape. Also, alarm system should be provided to remind worker to escape. For heavy typhoon like signal 8 and the red and black signal of the rainstorm, all the construction work must stop. We should provide the emergency manual on the site which contains: An emergency plan Floor plans and layout showing emergency exits, firefighting equipment Diagrams and layout of dangerous goods stores Telephone numbers of key company personnel, the police, etc. A list of outside bodies qualified to assist with special problem Safety Promotion We should have regularly meeting to the worker on site to promote the safety construction. Also we can establish the award and penalty system e.g. pay safety. If they can fulfill the safety requirement, they can get extra money. Otherwise, it will be reverse. Using the posters, magazines, newsletters, accident statistics displays video to increase the safety awareness of the worker. Health Assurance Programme We should provide some system such as pre-employment and medical examination programme for monitoring the exposure of labour. Noise control and provide suitable ear protector to the worker if they need to work in high noise area. Provide enough toilet facilities, hand washing, drinking water, resting and eating place and facilities for storage of personal protective equipment. Evaluation selection and control of subcontractor Means of communication and coordination with subcontractors and their employees and appropriate sub-contractor control. We must provide properly test system to check that all tools, materials and substances used by the subcontractors comply with statutory requirements. Establish some systems for reviewing subcontractors performance. For example if the sub-contractor cannot fulfill the standard, they will be exchanged. Process control programme Arrangement and procedures for ensuring that safety rules, and working sequence have been established and implemented for all safety and health aspects, and in particular a safe system of work, safe working method statement and permit-to-work system for highly risky operations, including but not limited to the following: Management of the Place of Work Fire Arrangements including precautions and firefighting equipment Work in confined spaces Working at height House keeping Protection against falling objects Management of Tasks and Operations Excavations Lifting operations Mechanical materials handling Temporary works Management of Equipment, Plant, Materials and Services Compressed air tools Electricity supply system Electrical works Portable tools Two main hurdles for the implementation of safety plan I think the money and labour safety awareness are two main hurdles. Since the money is the main domino of the whole project. Provide the safety training to the worker will spend extra time in the whole construction project. Some clients will argue that why dont we spend the time to work to speed up the whole project. Also, we need to use some human resource to supervise the construction process. Since the main purpose of the construction company is making profits. Even the project manager knows that the higher quality and standard of the personal protective equipment will be more safety. However, it will pay more money and increase the total construction cost. From the above reason, the project manager will do the minimize things of the statutory requirement; they will not do the best about the safety, so that they can have maximum return in the construction project. The other hurdle for the implementation of safety is the safety awareness of the worker. The labour will think that the personal protective equipment is very inconvenient for work. For example, they think that wear safety rope work in height will disturb their working. It is because the safety rope will limit the working area. And if they only work for few minutes at height, they will not wear them due to require extra work. Also, the worker cannot correctly use the PPE, so they cannot function properly. http://www.ab.ust.hk/hseo/esst/Const-notes2001.PDF http://www.polb.com/civica/filebank/blobdload.asp?BlobID=2527 http://www.safetypartnering.com/smd/pdf/pfss.pdf http://www.qbuild.qld.gov.au/00_downloads/whs_construc-safe-plan_all.pdf Quality plan The main elements of the quality are the following things: Management responsibility We need to define different quality duty of different position of Executive Committee, Project Manager, Construction Quality Assurance Manager, Design Quality Assurance Manager, Sampling and Testing Personnel, Staff Inspectors, Testing Technician, Geotechnical Engineer Pile Driving Analyst, QA Surveyor and Construction Manager. For example the duty of the Project Manager is responsible for organization and maintenance of a document control system for all quality data, coordinate quality check point in quality control programme reviews, and ensure reviews coordinated with outside entities. Objective of the quality plan Consistency meets the standard and requirement of the client To deliver the project on time with agree quality and prize To maintain and continually improve the quality of management systems To maintain and continually improve the quality of whole project Establish the quality policy To achieve the highest standard and quality of the project, it should be provided highly professional construction team. Establish the long term relationship between supplier and sub-contractor Follow the standard of ISO9001_2008. The construction work must under the supervision and inspection by authorize people. Provide training to the worker who is the first time come on the site. When any problems arise, the solving method should not be downgraded the target quality. Communicate the expectations of this Policy to all employees and stakeholders. Fulfill the client requirement Treating all our employees with respect, equality and fairness Resource management For human resource, we need to provide training to teach them how to properly use the equipments. Also demonstrate the require standard for them to reach the require quality. For material purchase and selection, we need to choose a properly material with suitable budget. Since the prize will directly affect the quality, so the budget arrangement is very important. Well-known and reputation supplier company should be selected to ensure the material quality. Inspection testing and quality audit We should establish the acceptable standard to the worker like accepted level of defection. After the standard is published, we need to provide suitable testing to ensure that they can reach the require standard. Then, it will be recorded for future improvement. An internal quality audit system will introduce in this project and it will be implemented during each phase of the project. Document control Establish the recording system and process to control Project Documents at each Project Phase. Ensure that the latest information is provided to the all staff and workers, so they shall use the update information to process the construction work. Two main hurdles for the implementation of quality plan http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/27A54B86-9825-4E81-9DEE-138823B4ED86/56842/QMPOutline050409.pdf http://www.suzlon.com/pdf/SEA_Quality_Policy.pdf The Purpose of a Project Quality Plan https://stdmail.cityu.edu.hk/attach/BSI%20BS%20EN%20ISO9001_2008.pdf Task 2 Social obligations and professional responsibilities of legal and ethical issues According to the Hong Kong Institute of Construction Management, the project manager shall: in fulfilling their professional responsibilities and the duties which they undertake, have full regard to the public interest. demonstrate a level of competence consistent with their professional. ensure, when undertaking any other construction related activity, that all such work is in accordance with good practice and current standards and complies with all statutory and contractual requirements; at no time improperly offer or accept gifts or favors which would be affect the client to obtain preferential treatment; keep them informed of current thinking and developments appropriate to the type and level of their responsibility. They should be able to provide evidence that they have undertaken sufficient study and personal development to fulfill their professional obligations in accordance with the current guidelines not offer or provide whether to a prospective Client or a third party any gift or favor whether in money or otherwise designed to secure instructions for work not undertake work for which they knowingly lack sufficient professional or technical competence, or the adequate resources to meet their obligation Social obligations and professional responsibilities of client protection The project manager shall: not divulge to any person, firm or company any information of a confidential nature relating to the business activities or processes of their Employer or Client acquired during the course of their work; not, without the permission of their Employer or Client, render any services, with or without remuneration, which conflicts with the interests of their Employer or Client; ensure, when providing an advisory service, that the advice given is fair and unbiased; if undertaking any other construction related activity be required to maintain insurances and indemnify their Client against the risks for which insurance is commonly effected arising out of the works in respect of workmen, third parties and adjoining properties; when acting for a Client or when in contemplation of acting for a prospective Client whose interests conflict or may conflict with his own, or those of any of his associates to disclose the relevant facts forthwith to the Client or prospective Client and to the associate and where such disclosure is oral to confirm the same in writing at the earliest opportunity and inform the Client that he shall be unable to act or continue to act unless the Client requests him to do so; keep in one or more bank accounts separate from his own, his firms or his companys bank account (as the case may be) any Clients money held by or entrusted to him, his firm or his company in any capacity other than that of beneficial owner; account at the due time for all moneys held, paid or received on behalf of or from any person (whether a Client or not) entitled to such account and whether or not after the taking of such account any payment is due to such person.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Songs of Innocence and Experience by William Blake :: essays research papers

Songs of Innocence and Experience. (1794) by William Blake Songs of Innocence Introduction Piping down the valleys wild Piping songs of pleasant glee, On a cloud I saw a child, And he laughing said to me: Pipe a song about a Lamb: So I piped with merry chear. Piper, pipe that song again - So I piped: he wept to hear. Drop thy pipe, thy happy pipe, Sing thy songs of happy chear: So I sung the same again, While he wept with joy to hear. Piper, sit thee down and write In a book that all may read - So he vanish’d from my sight And I pluck’d a hollow reed, And I made a rural pen And I stain’d the water clear And I wrote my happy songs, Every child may joy to hear. The Shepherd How sweet is the Shepherd's sweet lot! From the morn to the evening he strays; He shall follow his sheep all the day And his tongue shall be filled with praise. For he hears the lambs innocent call, And he hears the ewes tender reply. He is watchful while they are in peace, For they know when their Shepherd is nigh. The Ecchoing Green The Sun does arise And make happy the skies, The merry bells ring To welcome the Spring: The skylark and thrush The birds of the bush Sing louder around To the bells' chearful sound, While our sports shall be seen On the Ecchoing Green. Old John with white hair Does laugh away care Sitting under the oak Among the old folk. They laugh at our play, And soon they all say: Such, such were the joys When we all girls & boys In our youth-time were seen On the Ecchoing Green Till the little ones weary No more can be merry, The sun does descend, And our sports have an end: Round the laps of their mothers Many sisters and brothers, Like birds in their nest, Are ready for rest: And sport no more seen On the darkening Green. The Lamb Little Lamb, who made thee? Dost thou know who made thee? Gave thee life & bid thee feed By the stream & o'er the mead: Gave thee clothing of delight, Softest clothing, woolly, bright: Gave thee such a tender voice, Making all the vales rejoice: Little Lamb, who made thee, Dost thou know who made thee? Little Lamb, I'll tell thee, Little Lamb, I'll tell thee: He is called by thy name For he calls himself a Lamb. He is meek & he is mild, He became a little child: I a child & thou a lamb, We are called by his name: Little Lamb god bless thee, Little Lamb god bless thee! The Little Black Boy My mother bore me in the southern wild,

Monday, November 11, 2019

For-Profit Colleges

â€Å"The Booming Business of For-profit Colleges† Higher education is a very profitable field, and because of that, for-profit schools have been placed under scrutiny. In the documentary College Inc. , Michael Smith, the correspondent, investigates the promise and tremendous growth of for-profit colleges in the higher education industry. With the student's best interests in mind, many people have begun to question the integrity of these schools.However, they do not take into account the benefits that these for-profit colleges can offer to non- traditional students, giving them the opportunity to obtain a quality education, and arketable Job skills. For-profit colleges are continuously accepting the abundance of students who have realized that they need to go back to school because Jobs are scarce, and education is needed. Advertising plays a huge part in the large number of students enrolled in for-profit colleges.Successful colleges typically spend twenty to twenty five perc ent of their total revenue on advertising. This marketing encourages students to take the next step and enroll themselves in a college that they may not be academically or financially ready for. Because College Inc. presents he audience with interviews from multiple sources including former students, school executives, government officials, and enrollment advisors, it effectively portrays the many different perspectives of the industry, and the tension within it.Michael Clifford, a former musician who never went to college, purchases struggling traditional colleges, and turns them into for-profit companies. He believes that it takes the three M's to turn a college around: Money, management, and marketing. To fund these turnaround projects, Clifford presents to his investors the benefits of putting money into fixing these colleges. From an investor's point of view, for-profit colleges can be a huge source of income. Jeffery Silber, a senior analyst at BMO Capital Markets, says  "From a business perspective, it's a great story. miou're serving a market that's been traditionally underserved. And it's a very profitable business it generates a lot of free cash flow. † But from a student's perspective, it is not fair for their education to be turned into a business. Enrollment advisors play a huge role in the success of for-profit colleges. They are required to recruit a large number of students. The pressure to grow has presented questions about nrollment techniques. Some colleges have been accused of using high pressure sales tactics to get students to fill out application papers.Many of these colleges say they do not have quotas, but Tami Barker, a former enrollment advisor at Ashford University, says she was instructed to make 1 50 calls a day, and close on at least twelve students a month. â€Å"l didn't realize Just how many students we were expected to recruit. † says the former enrollment counselor. â€Å"They used to tell us, you know, â €˜Dig deep. Get to their pain. Get to what's bothering them. So, that way, you can convince hem that a college degree is going to solve all their problems. † Enrollment advisors convince students that attending college will be easy and affordable even when they are not academically, or financially capable. Dan Golden says â€Å"The concern is that they're bringing in students who can't succeed or graduate, loading them with debt. † The documentary College Inc. presents its audience witn a great deal ot students who felt that they were mislead by these enrollment advisors. The debt load of for- profit students is more than twice the amount of students at traditional schools.Anne Cobb, a former student at The University of Phoenix, says an enrollment advisor at the university helped her get a student loan even though she was swimming in bills. Sherry Haferkamp, a graduate from Argosy University-Dallas says she believed a lot of lies that were told to her, and it was no t until after the fact that she realized they were anything but the truth. When she talked to an enrollment counselor at Argosy, he said â€Å"You know, instead of applying for the master's program, go ahead and apply for the doctorate program. They've got two spots available, so you better apply right now.After obtaining her degree, and accumulating over 100,000 dollars in federal student loans, Sherry finds out that her degree is not even accredited by the American Psychological Association. She feels that she is at a dead end, and filed a lawsuit claiming that she was defrauded. The documentary College Inc. , was effective in its purpose of showing the importance of for-profit schools. A large number of students who would never have been accepted into a traditional college, have now been given the opportunity to obtain a degree. Investors who have put money into these failing colleges have profited a great deal.Michael Clifford turned traditional colleges that were in a downward spiral, and close to shutting down into successful for-profit schools. Even though the documentary shows a few students who are unhappy with their experiences, it seems that more people have benefited from these colleges than those who have not.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Hair,Skin, and Nail Design Essays

Hair,Skin, and Nail Design Essays Hair,Skin, and Nail Design Essay Hair,Skin, and Nail Design Essay Were you ever curious how hairstyling ,beauty, and hair coloring ever came about? Who, back in the day would have ever come up with the idea of changing ones hair style, let alone color of the hair? Well studies reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced in some form as early as the glacial age. They used simple but effective implements like sharpened flints, oyster shells, or bone. Animal sinew of hide were used to tie hair back, or as a adornment. Your probably thinking the same thing I did. yuck! ut thats all they had to use in those days long ago. The Egyptians were the first to cultivate beauty in a extravagant fashion, and became well-versed in the art of makeup and hairdressing. The ancient Egyptians also were the first to use cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits, and in religious ceremonies when preparing the deceased for burial. Ancient records show that coloring matter was made from berries, the bark of trees, minerals, insects, nuts, herbs, leaves and other materials that were used on the skin, hair, and nails. : Even hough eye paint was the most popular of all cosmetics, henna (a dye extracted from the leaves of an ornamental shrub) was used to impart a reddish tint to the hair that is still used to this day. The first recorded use of henna as a coloring agent was in 1500 B. C. Excavations from Egyptian tombs also have revealed combs, brushes, mirrors, and razors made of tempered copper and bronze. Hairdressing was an art for the Egyptians who liked to wear elaborate hairdos and cosmetics, as well as wigs. Egyptian women, and the Roman women were known to apply a mixture of soil and ater to their hair. They then wrapped their hair on wooden made rollers to bake in the sun, creating a temporary wave. The first evidence of nail care recorded in history was prior to 3,000 B. C. in Egypt and China. Ancient Egyptian men and women of high social rank stained their nails with red-orange henna. The color of a persons nail was a sign of rank. Kings and queens wore deep red, while people of lower society wore only pale colors. Beauty and grooming took on great symbolic significance in many cultures. Military commanders in Egypt, Babylon, and early Rome would spend many ours before a battle, having their hair curled, and their nails painted the same shade as their lips. Weird, but interesting. During the golden Age of Greece (500B. C), hairstyling became a highly developed art. Hairstyling services were introduced in Rome around 300 B. C. Women used hair-color to indicate their class in society. Noblewomen tinted their hair red, middle class women colored their hair blonde, and poor women colored it black. Hairstyling and barbering continued to grow in importance, and eventually became identified with the world of medicine. During the medieval times, cosmetology and medicine were taught as combined subjects in English universities. When Pope Alexander Ill forbade the clergy to shed blood, barbers were enlisted to assist monks and priests during surgery. They regularly performed bloodletting and minor surgery, administered herbs, and later pulled teeth. In fact, for centuries, dentistry was performed only by barbers for more than a thousand years, they were known as barber-surgeons. Wow now tnlngs nave cnangea aramatlcally. Now lets go aneaa to tne Renalssance times, here emphasis was placed on physical appearance. The hair was done carefully with ornaments, and headdresses were worn. Around this time, in 1450, a law was enacted that separated the practices of barbering and surgery. They could no longer perform surgery, and surgeons were forbidden to act as barbers. Now the 19th century an era by research and innovation, that saw many changes in the field of hair care. In 1875, a Frenchman named Marcel Grateau developed the technique of using irons for waving and curling the hair. This developed into the art of thermal waving, till known today as Marcel waving. In 1890, the first hairdressing academy was opened in Chicago by Brisbois and Federmeyer. And finally, in the 20th century, hairstyling began to follow trends, and soon became available to all classes of people who could choose their styles based on their needs and desires. So their you go, there is all need to know about the early history of hairstyling! And Im sure well be in the history books some day about all the new, trendy styles we perform today in many salons and spas around the world

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

The eNotes Blog But If You Act Now! Teaching Persuasion in theClassroom

But If You Act Now! Teaching Persuasion in theClassroom Teaching English Composition can betedious at times, for both the professor and the student. No matter what book you use in your courses, teaching the same techniques every semester can become dull. A couple of terms back, I decided to try something new. For their persuasive essay, I have students compose their own infomercial and write a script for their product. First, they have to come up with a product on their own. It can be something completely fanciful or a way to improve upon an existing product. Humor is encouraged, but I stress that all portions of the argument must be in place. Those elements include providing a response to a problem, focusing on the future, and centering on a particular audience. In responding to a problem, the team of 3-4 students must show how the need or problem affects its targeted audience. They must explain why the need is significant. They must say why the competitions solution does not measure up. The presentation itself must include both before and after evidence. They must stress the urgency of acting now and include extras to sweeten the deal. I offer the students a lot of freedom in composing their infomerical. They can either film the entire thing (Im continually amazed at how proficient they are with movie-making programs. Even those on their iPhones often turn our very well), they can do a live action/audience interaction performance, or blend both film and live action. Although they may ad-lib during their presentations, a script must be provided to me beforehand, and they must identify the parts of the argument each line is addressing in the margins. The infomericals should run from about 7-10 minutes. Depending on the size of your class and the length of your sessions, you may need   a couple of days to get them all done. I have 50-minute classes and we usually take two days. To get them started, I show them two classic infomericals. One is a real, The Hawaiian Chair, and one is a parody from Saturday Night Live, The Bass-o-matic. Without question, this is the most fun we have all term. Here is one my classes created just a few weeks ago.   Not only is it hysterical, but they manage to cover all the points of argument admirably. Give it a try and see how creative your own students can be.

Monday, November 4, 2019

Starbucks Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Starbucks Questions - Essay Example STARBUCKS COMPETITIVE SITUATION Starbucks was started by three Seattle friends in 1971 as Starbucks Coffee, Tea and Spices however; later on the name was changed to Starbucks Coffee (Burks, 2009). In the early years of its operations, Starbucks was the market leader in coffee industry however, changes in the industry competitive structure enhanced competition for the company. Today, Starbucks is competing with many coffee brands in the international markets and these small companies like Caribou Coffee Company and Green Mountain Coffee Roasters are stealing market shares of Starbucks by developing an image of unique quality coffee, which is the same business model that Starbucks implemented in early days of its operations (Wikinvest, 2010). Porters’ Five Forces Model Threats of new entry: Threats of new entry in the industry are significantly high because of no barriers to entry. The capital required to start a coffee shop is very low and since the coffee shops are recognised as a third-place between office and home therefore, high demand attracts more entrants in this industry.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Building a supportive program for new teachers in Italy Essay

Building a supportive program for new teachers in Italy - Essay Example First group contains novice teachers in order to gain their perspective about the program, their demands and concerns. The other group would consist of mentor teachers in order to gain their perspective, developing a strategy to provide help and the best way to support beginning teachers. Also, Questionnaires will be used besides observation and note taking. Using questioners might help to supporting the findings of the case study. In Italy large number of new teachers is hired each year. Each of these new teachers is expected to assume the same responsibilities as veteran teachers on the first day of employment. With limited experience and limited support, they are expected to provide a quality educational experience for the students in their classrooms. Most schools in Italy are traditional in structure, hence each of the new teachers taught in a self-contained classroom. Novice teacher, newly experiencing the problems of teaching, are alone with their students for the majority of the day, trying to identify and satisfy the needs of several students with unique needs. This isolation limited the support and assistance that novices could gain from their more experienced colleagues and could have added to feeling of stress and anxiety. The principal, the sole administrator of the institution, had not much time available to observe the development of their newly appointed staff. Also, some administrators feel that their presence is threatening and stress provoking so they opt to allow the novice to develop on his/her own.Nowadays people are concerned with the quality of education more than ever. Why then had the supportive program for novice teachers and their concerns not been addressed? ... Educational regulations in Italy required non-tenured teachers to be observed in certain time period. Unfortunately, few received any supportive instructions in the classrooms. The principal, the sole administrator of the institution, had not much time available to observe the development of their newly appointed staff. Also, some administrators feel that their presence is threatening and stress provoking so they opt to allow the novice to develop on his/her own. Nowadays people are concerned with the quality of education more than ever. Why then had the supportive program for novice teachers and their concerns not been addressed Kilgore and Kozisek (1998) and Huling-Austin (1998) felt that educators did not view teachers' supportive program as a pressing need and are not familiar with the body of knowledge related to this area. Limited support, isolation and anxiety are realities of induction year (Fuller, 1969, 207-226). As educators, we knew that the emotional well being of a child was an important factor in their ability to learn. Did it not seem reasonable to ensure that same senses of well being to our novice teachers so that they would learn and grow into responsive and effective teachers The aim of the current paper is to outline the study of building a supportive program for novice teachers in Italy, in order to solve the problems faced by novice teachers. Problems Encountered Novice teachers, being new to the problem of teaching become isolated from the institutional environment because of the system prevailed in Italian schools. This surely limits their ability to prosper from the experience of their veteran colleagues and thereby taking lot of stress. This and lack of any supportive program throughout their earlier

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Use and Abuse of Power in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Use and Abuse of Power in Management - Essay Example It is necessary for both the mangers as well as the non managers to study organization because organizations are vital mechanisms and helps in achieving the goals in modern society. Therefore, the aim of the essay is important to be able to distinguish between the use of power management and its abuses. Thus in order to achieve the required aim, the essay would highlight the theories in literature review and provide an example in order to relate the theories with practical examples. Thus the essay starts off with an introduction on the use and abuse of power in the management, followed by a literature review, quoting the theories necessary for the topic. The next part of the essay would put light on practical examples of organizations with relation to use and abuse of power and finally the essay ends with a conclusion and recommendation for the managers stating how a manger should distinguish between use and abuse of power in management and work accordingly providing an effective result for the organization. It has been founded that there arise a thin level of difference between the use and abuse of power and the managers are familiar with the danger of uncoupling power with politics from an ethical point of view. Managers are concerned about how can the negative aspect of power be managed. Therefore the answer to this query lies in generating an understanding of the relationship between power, the ability to influence and the political process (Butcher & Clarke , 2008, p.19). Power is defined as the ability to marshal resources in order to get something done. The use of power and authority in organizations are crucial, but a manger needs to plans, manage, organize coordinate and control the various activities of an organization. And this makes one of the reasons as to why managers want to get promoted to a higher position so that they can utilize the power. Thus an organization can be seen as political system where the use and abuse of power plays a significant role in the functioning of the organization (Dzimbiri, 2009, p.33). Theoretical Background Introduction Leaders implement the task and roles with the help of power that they possess. It has been suggested that a leader should always stay away from blaming, coercive and bullying style of leadership. A manger can support innovations and the ongoing activities of the organization are many different ways. In a hierarchical organization, the locus of power is fixed and clear but in a fla tter structure power is more fluid and is constantly being negotiated. According to Adair, the authority in the organization is usually derived from position, knowledge and personality. Kotler suggested that the first and foremost thing which is important in leadership is to understand the types of power and the methods used to influence the people, to utilize different types of power as per the need and seek out the appropriate leadership role, to create more power and utilize them and finally to temper the use of power with maturity and self control and recognizing the impact of use and abuse of power on others (Morrison, 1998, p.214). It has been found out by the authorities that effective use of power is the most important element of management. Some of the leaders have proved themselves to be highly influential leaders and powerful. These leaders were powerful because of the fact that they were able to build a strong

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Americas New Economy Essay Example for Free

Americas New Economy Essay As the 1900s gave way to the new millennium, it became increasingly clear that a new era in American (and world) history had begun. The old era had been dominated by the Cold War struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union. The new era was defined by the rise of a new global economythe ways in which the worlds peoples lived, worked, and governed themselves. Global communication, trade, and capital flow all grew rapidly (Griffith, Baker 531). The United States rose to being the most powerful military supremacy nation in the world due to Reagan and Bushs destruction of the Cold War, bridging the 80s into the new 90s. George Bushs CIA and ambassadorial experience provided Americas key to our foreign policy negotiations, aiding in our nations leadership over the world. This defeat and new era caused our domestic and social society within America into a state of confusion and caused Americans to question what role they would play in this new society. Not only did the Cold War define Americas stance in the world, dictating foreign policy choices from southeast Asia to Latin America; it defined the contours of domestic politics as well, (Chafe 549). How can we believe now after September 11, that we still or always have had leadership or supremacy in this world? How could the heart of our country be damaged so much affecting our nation as a whole? This recent tragedy damaged the core of our patriotism changing foreign and domestic policy after the 90s. During the 90s, a time of new cultural expression and power, the US was willing to use any economic, political, or military force necessary to uphold the new global system. After the Reagan legacy, President Bill Clinton created the New Democrats, which, sought to replace the partys older industrial and agricultural bases with a new, if unwieldy, coalition of women, minorities, social liberals, and technological progressives, (Griffith/Baker 533). In looking at Chapter 14 in Griffith/Bakers Major Problems in American History Since 1945 and Chapter 16 and the Epilogue in Chafes The Unfinished Journey, we will consider the new goals and values of both the USs domestic and foreign policies, and find that although positive changes have taken place since 1945, the US still is yet to live in a society free of homelessness, poverty, and crime reflected by the tenacious power of race, class, and gender blocking the path toward  independent freedom. Throughout American history, the issue of freedom has always prevailed and equality of everyone wasnt brought up until the early to mid 1900s. The peoples dependence and underlying trust within the government to withhold and protect has put our society on a roller coaster of trust, distrust, and betrayal. the Nixon presidency and his foreign policy breakthroughs with China and Russia had barely taken hold before the devastating constitutional crisis of Watergate occurred, threatening to undermine the very structure of the American political system and peoples confidence in it. Followed quickly by the nations first defeat in war (Chafe 497). Busch had decided not to respond to much of the conflicts happening with Gorbachev, because if he had, it could have created greater instability, more violence, and a stronger likelihood of counter democratic action, such as the Soviet Union. Busch in causing the two-superpower leaders to arrive at a new arms control treaty that promised the reduction of nuclear weapons arsenals of the world. Buschs only major error was quickly recovered by quickly becoming Yaltsins allies, beginning a new coalition where both world powers would enforce world peace. After Desert Storm, the US entered a prolonged recession causing confusion amongst Americans because Busch didnt care about domestic policies. Because of Buschs carelessness of domestic policies, it reflected upon the public not caring about domestic policies nor within the government. The new young light in America was created by the new elections. Clinton bringing a new young light to society during the election of 1992 believed that through the idealism during the sixties were those which should be reflected upon now during the 90s. Clintons ideas were: investing to create new jobs, supporting new technology, rebuilding the nations infrastructure, and creating a new partnership between management and labor to increase American productivity and competitiveness in world markets. The major political campaigns were advancing with technological advances with campaigns  portrayed through the amazing new power of talk-show journalism. Ross Perots ideals, opposite of Clintons, were expressed through talk-show journalism shaping political dialogue and activity. Many talk show hosts provided a direct outlet for politicians to reach the Americans at home through television. The political wars went on and with Clinton winning the democratic election. This allowed Americans to dig themselves out of their deepest problems by re-imagining themselves and fulfilling their dreams. Clinton was faced with issues similar to Franklin Roosevelt, in the midst of the Great Depression, they were in many ways far more complicated and intractable, calling upon the same breadth and depth of leadership skills that FDR had deployed in the 1930s, (Chafe 512). As one magazine wrote, what excites people about Clinton, is precisely the degree to which he speaks to their hunger for meaning and purpose, their half conscious and often inchoate desire to transcend the selfishness and meaningless of materialistic and narcissistic society,' (Chafe 511). Clintons gay policy in the war, dont ask, dont tell, were looked at as actions profoundly alienating liberals and gays. His next policy, national Healthcare, failed to the Republicans criticizing and ultimately causing his policy to disintegrate. This was Clintons down and thought it was over until the American society regained confidence with him when he passed a bill which caused restrictions on free access to handguns and assault weapons. He also created the Americorps, a young group of people volunteering to work among Americas disadvantaged populations. Finally touching up on domestic policies, the American society gained faith in him. The 1994 elections were different and Clinton was on his way to coming back. He wanted to represent a Democratic smaller government. Richard Norris guiding Clinton, made him invulnerable to the issues of high taxes, crime, welfare, federal budget, and affirmative action which Republicans could use against him. Clinton defined positions that would seem reasonable to the middle-class voters and also portray the Republicans as radicals seeking to overturn 60 years of progress and advance his own agenda on issues that cut in his direction such as education, the environment, and womens rights. Clinton proved to the public that the Republicans mainly Dole was a threat  to the middle class stability, and eventually won the election exclaiming, the era of big government is over. The voters decision was for a divided government,  not for one party over another. Only by ensuring that one party could balance and counter the other, they seemed to be saying, could the nation be protected from moving too far either toward liberalism and big government on the one hand, or toward conservatism and the end of entitlements on the other, (Chafe 527). Americans wanted politicians to proceed down a middle path, not straying to either side too far. Although race had been dealt with by the government, it still defined power, control, status, economic opportunity, and freedom. This issue has improved dramatically, but race has always been the central theme to American history. It has been so much misconstrued, that the issue of racial discrimination had disappeared as a matter of public concern, convinced that there was no longer a reason to think of blacks and whites as having different life chances(Chafe 528). Los Angeles embodied most of the multiracial demographic complexity which is where many blacks were suppressed although given still given supposed equal rights opportunities. One example being the AIDS virus. Treatment was available to the suppressed society, but werent able to afford the medication. The Rodney King incident was appalling and the only way to describe the verdict was what Chafe wrote, It was as though the jury had taken a hallucinogenic drug that altered totally what others saw as reality and the drug was race, (Chafe 529). The police officers caught on tape for the beating got off because of whites ruling the jury. O.J. being convicted of murder and having a black jury was pleaded not guilty. Benjamin Barber brings up a point of political futures neither being democratic. the forces of Jihad and the forces of McWorld operate with equal strength in opposite directions, the one driven by parochial hatreds, the other by universalizing markets, the one re-creating ancient subnational and ethnic  borders from within, the other making national borders porous from without. They have one thing in common: neither offers much hope to citizens looking for practical ways to govern themselves democratically, (Griffith/Baker 542). September 11 brought forth something America had never faced before, an attack on our home ground. Since this attack the society has been more conservative, realizing that America is not this leadership nation that watches over the world, but is just as suseptable to attack as anyone else is. This attack has brought all families closer and brought out American patriotism from within. The attack has put American flags on Football players helmets as well as all sports jerseys. What are we supposed to believe from the media, articles saying that information being portrayed to us is false and defying. Although we have gone through a roller coaster of events both ups and downs, America has always recovered and adapted to the changes in front of us. The Progressive Policy Institute believes that the latter is true and that the challenge now is to learn how to manage and govern in an era of sustained and constant innovation and adaptation, (Griffith/Baker 536). The 90s was a major turning point in America being the end of the old millenium and the start of a new one, allowing us to look at what is needed to be done both in domestic and foreign policy for this world and our society to go on. the 1990s embodied a summing-up of what had occurred in the preceding decades, as if the country were searching to find some way through the maelstrom of conflicting currents to a final sense of direction that might represent a new consensus on how to proceed, (Chafe 498).

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Vibrio Cholerae Cytolysin (VCC) Membrane Pore Formation

Vibrio Cholerae Cytolysin (VCC) Membrane Pore Formation Vibrio cholerae cytolysin (VCC) is a potent membrane pore forming protein toxin secreted by many pathogenic strain of the V.cholerae. In its membrane pore-formation mode of action, VCC belongs to the family of the ÃŽ ² barrel pore-forming toxin (ÃŽ ²-PFTs) proteins. VCC is secreted by the pathogenic bacteria V.cholerae in the form of water-soluble, monomeric, inactive precursor form of the protein, known as Pro-VCC. Proteolytic deletion of the N-terminal Pro-domain from this inactive precursor molecule generates the active, mature form of the VCC toxin. VCC induces colloid-osmotic lysis of the target eukaryotic by generating the transmembrane heptameric ÃŽ ² barrel channels/pores. The high-resolution molecular structural information is available for the water-soluble monomeric Pro-VCC form as well as for the transmembrane heptameric pore structure of the VCC. Structural analysis of the water-soluble monomeric form and the transmembrane structure suggest that the VCC follows the overa ll pattern of the archetypical ÃŽ ²-PFTs mechanism of pore-formation. However, the distinct intermediate steps leading the generation of the funcational membrane pore formation by VCC have only been characterized to a limited extent. Consistent with the generalized ÃŽ ²-PFTs mode of action, the membrane pore formation mechanism of the VCC is recommended to follow three different steps: interaction of the VCC monomeric unit towards the target cell membrane; formation of the metastable, transient prepore oligomeric intermediates on the cell membrane; and finally conversion of the prepore oligomeric assembly into the functional transmembrane oligomeric b barrel channels. Previous research work on the members of ÃŽ ²-PFTs including VCC suggest that the generation of the functional transmembrane oligomeric pore structure comprises the membrane insertion of the pore-forming stem region from each of the toxin protomer towards formation of the transmembrane ÃŽ ² barrel portions of the toxin. However, it has not been examine experimentally, in particular in the case of VCC toxin, whether the membrane insertion of the stem region could occur in the membrane-associate monomeric state of the toxin before the prepore oligomer generation or whether the prepore oligomer generation precedes the membrane insertion of the stem region of the VCC toxin. Even in the case of generalized ÃŽ ²-PFTs membrane pore-formation mechanism, such sequence of pore formation events has not been established precisely. Previous studies demonstrated that the engineered ÃŽ ²-PFTs (for example, VCC and staphylococcal LukF) not able to inserting their pore-forming stem region into the membrane lipid bilayer of the target cell membrane. Such protein variants, having their stem loop in a closed structure through the engineered disulfide linkage, are remaining trapped in their nonfunctional prepore oligomeric state. However form this observation it not clear whether the membrane oligomreization is absolutely necessary to trigger the membrane insertion or whether membrane insertion could be initiated before the prepore generation. Such perception can only be investigate by trapping the b-PFTs toxin molecule in its membrane-bound monom eric form without allowing the generation of the transmembrane oligomeric structures. In this order, a direct correlation between the membrane oligomerization and the membrane insertion has been demonstrated in Staphylococcal à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡ toxin, an archetypical member of the ÃŽ ²-PFTs family. Staphylococcal à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡ toxin containing a single point mutation has been shown to displayed defective membrane oligomerization of the membrane-bound protein and blocking the membrane insertion of the pore-forming stem loop of the toxin. This investigation suggests that, in case of Staphylococcal à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡ toxin, the membrane insertion event of the toxin depend critically on the prior membrane oligomrization step of the toxin. A similar pore-forming mechanism has been reported in the case of perfringolysin O, a prominent member of the subclass of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) under ÃŽ ²-PFTs family. Interestingly, streptolysin O, another prominent member in the cholesterol-de pendent cytolysin type ÃŽ ²-PFTs, follows a different mechanism of membrane pore formation that may have involve distinct sequence of events. In the membrane pore formation mechanism of streptolysin O, it has been proposed that the progressive assembly of the membrane-inserted monomeric unit of the toxin may act towards the formation of the transmembrane oligomeric pore structures of different pore sizes. A similar membrane oligomeric assembly has also been reported on another cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) class of ÃŽ ²-PFTs, pneumolysin. Thus, it emerge that the ÃŽ ²-PFTs member may not necessarily follow a common generalized procedure for the membrane pore formation mechanism of the toxin. It is, therefore, important to examine the sequence of the membrane oligomreization and insertion events for each particular member of the ÃŽ ²-PFTs family to elucidate the molecular mechanistic details of their membrane pore-formation action of the toxin. Many previous studies explored the molecular mechanism(s) of the membrane oligomerization process involved with the membrane pore formation action of the member of the ÃŽ ²-PFTs family including VCC. It is generally proposed that the association of the ÃŽ ²-PFTs protein monomer with the membrane component of the target host cells work as the triggering step to initiate the following events resulting towards membrane olgiomerization, membrane insertion, and functional transmembrane ÃŽ ² barrel pore formation. In particular, lipid components of the membrane like cholesterol have been extensively involved in the regulating of membrane pore formation process. In the mode of action of VCC, the presence of cholesterol in the target membrane lipid bilayer has been reported to be an imperative requirement for the efficient oligomerization and functional membrane pore formation by the protein. Cholesterol appears to regulate the membrane pore-formation of the toxin by physically binding with the protein molecule and not by modulating the physicochemical environment of the target host cell membrane. The molecular mechanism of the membrane oligomerization in VCC has been explored only to a limited extent. In particular, the membrane interaction mechanism of the monomeric units of the VCC toxin, which probably acting to regulate the membrane oligomerization process of the VCC toxin, has not been explored so far. Structure analysis of the VCC oligomeric highlights the major interprotomer interactions between the neighboring monomer units. The most significant interactions are observed between the amino acid residues within the membrane pore forming stem loop of the toxin. More importantly, blocking the stem loop in its prestem configuration has been to abrogate the functional transmembrane oligomeric pore formation (SDS-stable oligomeric assembly) without any effect on the generation of the prepore oligomeric species (SDS-labile oligomers). It has been reported that, even i n the physically absence of the stem loop, a truncated variant of VCC can generate prepore oligomeric assembly on the membrane. These observations precisely suggest that the interprotomer interactions involved in formation of the functional transmembrane oligomeric pore assembly without playing any critical role in initiating the membrane oligomerization event of the membrane-bound protein molecules. Therefore, it appears that the additional molecular interaction between the monomer of the toxin might be playing the significant role in inducing the functional membrane oligomerization of the VCC toxin. In this part of study, to explore the details of the molecular mechanism of the membrane oligomerization process of the VCC toxin, we have mapped the key amino acid residue in the VCC molecular structure that are crucial to trigger the membrane oligomerization of the membrane-associate monomeric toxin molecules. Mutation of such key amino acid residues abrogates the membrane oligomerization step, trap the toxin in its membrane-bound monomeric state, and does not allow membrane insertion of the pore-forming stem loop form the VCC monomers. Our study, dissect the membrane interaction step from the following membrane oligomerization and insertion steps of VCC as a prototype in the b-PFTs family, This study also conclusively established that the membrane insertion critically required the functional oligomerization of the membrane-associate VCC toxin monomers on the target cell membrane.